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入夏以(yi)來(lai)，各地氣溫(wen)持續上升，甚(shen)至(zhi)有(you)些地方高(gao)溫(wen)橙色(se)、紅色(se)預警(jing)信號頻發(fa)(fa)。可有(you)些用人單位，為了節約用工(gong)成本，對必須發(fa)(fa)放的高(gao)溫(wen)津(jin)貼進行(xing)“偷工(gong)減料”，有(you)些甚(shen)至(zhi)干脆拖延(yan)或(huo)拒絕發(fa)(fa)放。高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)辛(xin)勤工(gong)作的勞動者們，你們的高(gao)溫(wen)津(jin)貼到(dao)手了嗎？

高溫津貼不得計入最低工資

【案例】劉秀(xiu)(xiu)蘭等(deng)5人于今年元月(yue)與一家(jia)公司簽訂(ding)書面勞動合同時(shi)(shi)，約定每月(yue)工(gong)資(zi)按當地(di)最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)標準計(ji)算(suan)。入夏以后，為鼓勵劉秀(xiu)(xiu)蘭等(deng)能堅持在烈日下(xia)工(gong)作，公司規定，只要當日氣溫(wen)在35℃以上，便可(ke)在下(xia)午(wu)下(xia)班時(shi)(shi)從(cong)作業組長處領取(qu)20元高溫(wen)津(jin)貼。可(ke)當劉秀(xiu)(xiu)蘭等(deng)領取(qu)5月(yue)的工(gong)資(zi)時(shi)(shi)，卻發現工(gong)資(zi)比平時(shi)(shi)少了100元。原來，此前劉秀(xiu)(xiu)蘭等(deng)已經領取(qu)的5天(tian)高溫(wen)津(jin)貼，已被公司計(ji)入她們的最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)之(zhi)內，并從(cong)中扣除。

【說法】公司不(bu)(bu)得將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)津貼計入劉秀蘭(lan)等人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)內。最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)是(shi)指勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者在(zai)法定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)或依法簽訂的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合同約定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)內提供了正(zheng)常勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia)，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)依法應當支(zhi)付的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)報(bao)酬(chou)。勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)和(he)社會(hui)保障部制(zhi)定(ding)并實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)《最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)規(gui)定(ding)》第十二(er)條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)：“在(zai)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者提供正(zheng)常勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)應支(zhi)付給(gei)(gei)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)在(zai)剔除下(xia)列各項以(yi)后，不(bu)(bu)得低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)當地最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)：（一(yi)）延(yan)長(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)；（二(er)）中班(ban)、夜班(ban)、高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)、低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)、井下(xia)、有(you)毒有(you)害等特(te)殊工(gong)作(zuo)環境、條(tiao)件下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)津貼；（三）法律(lv)、法規(gui)和(he)國(guo)家規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者福利待遇等。”從中可以(yi)看出，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)津貼并不(bu)(bu)包括在(zai)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)范圍(wei)內，而必(bi)須由(you)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)在(zai)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)之(zhi)外(wai)另(ling)行給(gei)(gei)付。

高溫津貼不能年底一并結算

【案例】今(jin)年6月(yue)(yue)初，本(ben)以為因上月(yue)(yue)有4天高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)時段在室外工(gong)作，按(an)公司的承諾可(ke)以領取到一筆(bi)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)津貼的李銀茹等7人(ren)，發(fa)(fa)現自(zi)己所領報酬中并沒有該項目，遂找公司問詢。公司領導(dao)雖表示一定會如數支付(fu)，但提出由于公司資金周轉困難，加上需(xu)要領取高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)津貼的員(yuan)工(gong)不止她們7人(ren)，往后也還有應當發(fa)(fa)放高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)津貼的時候，故(gu)經公司研(yan)究決定干脆到年底一并結算(suan)，不再按(an)月(yue)(yue)發(fa)(fa)放。

【說法(fa)】公司的(de)做法(fa)是錯誤的(de)。鑒于高(gao)溫津(jin)貼屬于工(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)組(zu)成部(bu)(bu)分，而(er)《工(gong)(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)暫行(xing)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》第七條規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：“工(gong)(gong)資(zi)必須(xu)在用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者約(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)日(ri)期支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)。”其第十八條也指出：“各(ge)級勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)行(xing)政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)門有(you)權(quan)監察(cha)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)情況。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)下列侵害勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者合法(fa)權(quan)益行(xing)為的(de)，由勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)行(xing)政(zheng)部(bu)(bu)門責令其支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者工(gong)(gong)資(zi)和經(jing)濟補償(chang)，并可責令其支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)賠償(chang)金：（一）克扣或(huo)者無(wu)故(gu)拖(tuo)欠(qian)(qian)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者工(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)……”而(er)《對〈工(gong)(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)暫行(xing)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)〉有(you)關(guan)(guan)問題的(de)補充規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》第三條則規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：“《規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》第十八條所稱‘無(wu)故(gu)拖(tuo)欠(qian)(qian)’系指用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)正當理由超過規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)付(fu)(fu)(fu)薪時間(jian)未支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者工(gong)(gong)資(zi)。”為此，也就決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了如果公司不按期支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)便構成拖(tuo)欠(qian)(qian)，李銀茹(ru)等自(zi)然可以(yi)通過相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)途徑維權(quan)。

高溫津貼不得以防暑物品沖抵

【案例】今年的(de)(de)(de)立(li)秋雖過去多天，但趙(zhao)(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)等16名勞動者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作所(suo)在地的(de)(de)(de)氣溫(wen)(wen)卻(que)接連保持在35℃以(yi)上。為了不(bu)因高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)而耽(dan)誤生產(chan)，趙(zhao)(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)所(suo)在公(gong)司要求趙(zhao)(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)等工(gong)(gong)人照常在露天環境下(xia)工(gong)(gong)作，并(bing)提供了充足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)解(jie)暑清(qing)涼(liang)飲(yin)料，發(fa)(fa)放(fang)了相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)保健用品。可(ke)月底趙(zhao)(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)等人領(ling)工(gong)(gong)資時卻(que)發(fa)(fa)現各自并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)領(ling)到高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼(tie)。公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)釋是(shi)其(qi)已提供高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)解(jie)暑清(qing)涼(liang)飲(yin)料，發(fa)(fa)放(fang)防暑保健用品，這些已與高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼(tie)相互沖抵，趙(zhao)(zhao)曉(xiao)薇(wei)等無權再獲取(qu)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)津貼(tie)。

【說法】公司(si)無權以防暑(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)物品沖抵高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼。一(yi)方面，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)解暑(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)清(qing)涼飲料、保健用品的(de)(de)(de)開支(zhi)屬(shu)于防暑(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)范疇，而高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼和防暑(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)費(fei)是(shi)兩個不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)概念。防暑(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)費(fei)是(shi)針對暑(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期在(zai)(zai)崗的(de)(de)(de)勞動者發(fa)放，即只要在(zai)(zai)崗就應當(dang)人(ren)人(ren)有(you)(you)份，具(ju)體給付時(shi)間(jian)與標準，由有(you)(you)關部門根據(ju)本地對高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)氣(qi)候的(de)(de)(de)界定來確定，一(yi)般為5－9月間(jian)。而高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼則是(shi)針對在(zai)(zai)特殊環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)作業的(de)(de)(de)勞動者發(fa)放，并非人(ren)人(ren)有(you)(you)份。通常只面向需(xu)要在(zai)(zai)室內氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)≥33℃、露天氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)>35℃環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)工作的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)群(qun)。這類人(ren)群(qun)除了有(you)(you)領取高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼的(de)(de)(de)權利外，還可(ke)以領取防暑(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)費(fei)。另(ling)一(yi)方面，高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼的(de)(de)(de)給予方式不同(tong)于防暑(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)費(fei)。防暑(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)費(fei)可(ke)以是(shi)現金支(zhi)付，也可(ke)以是(shi)通過發(fa)放物品的(de)(de)(de)形式沖抵，而高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)津(jin)貼只能是(shi)現金支(zhi)付。