問 我(wo)今年(nian)休產假了，馬上過年(nian)了，公司發年(nian)終獎，不知(zhi)道還有(you)沒有(you)我(wo)的？

答 首先，發(fa)放(fang)年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)(jiang)是用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)自主(zhu)給(gei)予(yu)員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種福利(li)待(dai)遇，并非(fei)用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)義(yi)(yi)務。法(fa)(fa)律(lv)沒(mei)有強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)要(yao)求用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)發(fa)放(fang)年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)(jiang)，也沒(mei)有發(fa)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，因(yin)此，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者不(bu)可以強(qiang)(qiang)求用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)發(fa)放(fang)年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)(jiang)。用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)可以通過規(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)度或(huo)者勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同，對年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)發(fa)放(fang)方法(fa)(fa)作出約定(ding)(ding)(ding)。如果(guo)用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)章制(zhi)度或(huo)者勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同條款中明確約定(ding)(ding)(ding)發(fa)放(fang)年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)(jiang)，用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)就(jiu)應(ying)該根據約定(ding)(ding)(ding)履(lv)行自己承諾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義(yi)(yi)務。 其次(ci)，就(jiu)其性(xing)質而言，年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)(jiang)也是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)報酬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)部分(fen)之一(yi)(yi)。根據國(guo)家(jia)統(tong)計局《關于工(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額(e)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》及《若干具(ju)體(ti)(ti)范圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：工(gong)資(zi)(zi)總額(e)是指各單(dan)位(wei)(wei)在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)內直接(jie)支付給(gei)本單(dan)位(wei)(wei)全部職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)報酬總額(e)，包括獎(jiang)(jiang)金(jin)；獎(jiang)(jiang)金(jin)包括生(sheng)產獎(jiang)(jiang)；生(sheng)產獎(jiang)(jiang)包括年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)(jiang)(勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)分(fen)紅)等(deng)。因(yin)此，年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)(jiang)從狹義(yi)(yi)講(jiang)是一(yi)(yi)種獎(jiang)(jiang)金(jin)，從廣義(yi)(yi)講(jiang)屬(shu)于工(gong)資(zi)(zi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)報酬。 第(di)三，懷(huai)孕女(nv)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)在產假期(qi)(qi)(qi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)待(dai)遇不(bu)得(de)降(jiang)低。年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獎(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，歸根結底是女(nv)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)在懷(huai)孕、生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)待(dai)遇問題(ti)。對此，國(guo)家(jia)相關法(fa)(fa)律(lv)對于女(nv)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)懷(huai)孕期(qi)(qi)(qi)間有著特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)護規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。《婦女(nv)權益保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)法(fa)(fa)》、《女(nv)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)護特別規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)》等(deng)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)都規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，任(ren)何單(dan)位(wei)(wei)不(bu)得(de)因(yin)結婚(hun)、懷(huai)孕、產假、哺乳等(deng)情形(xing)，降(jiang)低女(nv)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)。