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當前，農村(cun)電(dian)商成為(wei)前景(jing)廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)“新藍海”。青島(dao)市今年(nian)啟動(dong)(dong)了“大學生(sheng)農村(cun)電(dian)商創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)工程”，成立市級(ji)電(dian)商人(ren)(ren)才(cai)創(chuang)(chuang)新創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)基(ji)(ji)地，構建起大學生(sheng)農村(cun)電(dian)商四級(ji)服務網絡(luo)， 引(yin)導大學生(sheng)深(shen)入村(cun)鎮基(ji)(ji)層創(chuang)(chuang)新創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)，取得(de)明顯(xian)成效。截至目前，已培訓電(dian)商創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)2000余人(ren)(ren)，成功扶持260余人(ren)(ren)返(fan)鄉(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)，農村(cun)電(dian)商交(jiao)易額突破5300萬(wan)元，成為(wei)推動(dong)(dong)大眾(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)萬(wan)眾(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)新的(de)“新引(yin)擎”。

“政府+市場”為農村電商創業護航

今年我市(shi)制(zhi)定(ding)了《關(guan)于實施“青島(dao)市(shi)大學生農村(cun)電商(shang)創(chuang)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)”有關(guan)工(gong)作的通知(zhi)》，鼓勵和引導各村(cun)鎮(zhen)建設(she)電商(shang)運營中心和服務(wu)站點，大力培(pei)養(yang)電商(shang)創(chuang)業(ye)新型人才，逐步構(gou)建起(qi)覆蓋(gai)全市(shi)村(cun)鎮(zhen)基(ji)層的電商(shang)創(chuang)業(ye)體(ti)系。

市(shi)(shi)(shi)人社局(ju)通過(guo)政府補貼(tie)、企業投入等方式(shi)，借助電(dian)商企業平臺(tai)，建(jian)立起四(si)(si)級(ji)大學(xue)生農(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)商創(chuang)(chuang)業服(fu)務(wu)(wu)體系。第一級(ji)是(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)級(ji)項目部，與淘寶大學(xue)人才服(fu)務(wu)(wu)商簽訂合作運營(ying)(ying)協(xie)議，在市(shi)(shi)(shi)大學(xue)生創(chuang)(chuang)業孵化中心(xin)設立大學(xue)生農(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)商項目部，統籌(chou)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)電(dian)商網(wang)點(dian)建(jian)設運營(ying)(ying)。第二級(ji)是(shi)(shi)區（市(shi)(shi)(shi)）級(ji)運營(ying)(ying)中心(xin)，主要發揮(hui)物流溯源、品牌展(zhan)示(shi)、創(chuang)(chuang)業培訓等作用，是(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)級(ji)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)網(wang)絡的(de)中堅力量(liang)，現已建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)區級(ji)運營(ying)(ying)中心(xin)4個。第三級(ji)是(shi)(shi)鎮級(ji)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)中心(xin)，具備物流配送、產(chan)品整合、特色推廣展(zhan)示(shi)的(de)功能，是(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)級(ji)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)網(wang)絡的(de)重(zhong)要溝通點(dian)，現已建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)鎮級(ji)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)中心(xin)5個。第四(si)(si)級(ji)是(shi)(shi)駐村(cun)站點(dian)，主要是(shi)(shi)幫(bang)助村(cun)民代買(mai)代賣并收(shou)集(ji)當地特色農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品信息，駐村(cun)站點(dian)是(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)級(ji)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)網(wang)絡的(de)基礎，初期規劃建(jian)設500個，目前已建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)260余個，帶動農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品交易累計(ji)突(tu)破5300萬元。

具(ju)體操(cao)作中，我市(shi)與阿里(li)巴(ba)巴(ba)集(ji)(ji)團達(da)成戰略合作，推(tui)出“尋找大學生農村淘寶(bao)合伙人行動”。由各區（市(shi)）、各在青高校(xiao)積極推(tui)薦大學生創業(ye)者參與“村淘行動”，由阿里(li)巴(ba)巴(ba)集(ji)(ji)團進行創業(ye)者遴選、站點建設、人才培訓(xun)和(he)(he)認證，并提供(gong)創業(ye)啟動資金，市(shi)人社局和(he)(he)當地(di)政府(fu)在資金、場地(di)等(deng)方(fang)面給予支持，共同促(cu)進“農村電(dian)商(shang)”項目落地(di)。

“培訓+服務”培育農村電商創業土壤

為了給大(da)(da)(da)學生(sheng)農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)商(shang)(shang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者提供(gong)“場(chang)地+商(shang)(shang)機+培訓+導師(shi)+人(ren)(ren)才(cai)+中介”全方(fang)位公共創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)服務(wu)，市(shi)人(ren)(ren)社局開發“大(da)(da)(da)學生(sheng)農(nong)(nong)村電(dian)商(shang)(shang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)培訓四級課程體系”，內容涵蓋大(da)(da)(da)學生(sheng)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)不同(tong)階(jie)段的知識需求(qiu)，分為縣長班(ban)、基(ji)礎班(ban)、創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)班(ban)、提升班(ban)，邀(yao)請國內縣域(yu)電(dian)商(shang)(shang)專家、淘寶(bao)大(da)(da)(da)學優秀(xiu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)講師(shi)授課。截(jie)至目(mu)前，參與培訓人(ren)(ren)數累(lei)計超過2000人(ren)(ren)。同(tong)時，引進(jin)北京大(da)(da)(da)學創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)訓練營(ying)等優秀(xiu)培訓團(tuan)隊，組建大(da)(da)(da)學生(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)導師(shi)團(tuan)，共同(tong)為農(nong)(nong)商(shang)(shang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)(da)學生(sheng)提供(gong)專業(ye)(ye)化創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)指導和服務(wu)。目(mu)前大(da)(da)(da)學生(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)導師(shi)團(tuan)已有包(bao)括電(dian)商(shang)(shang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)家、知名學者、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)經營(ying)管理人(ren)(ren)員、返鄉創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)帶頭人(ren)(ren)等導師(shi)300余名。

資金短缺(que)是(shi)創業(ye)者遇到的(de)(de)最大(da)(da)難(nan)題。為此(ci)，市(shi)人社(she)局規定，對(dui)于(yu)從(cong)事電商(shang)(shang)創業(ye)的(de)(de)企業(ye)，可(ke)以申(shen)請入(ru)駐創業(ye)孵化基地和(he)小微企業(ye)集中(zhong)辦公區域(yu)，實行第(di)一年(nian)(nian)100%、第(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian)50%、第(di)三年(nian)(nian)30%的(de)(de)房租補貼，并享受完(wan)善法律、會計、人力資源、代理記(ji)賬等完(wan)善的(de)(de)配(pei)套服(fu)務。在(zai)完(wan)善管理體(ti)制和(he)市(shi)場化運(yun)行的(de)(de)基礎上，適(shi)度(du)放寬大(da)(da)學(xue)生農(nong)(nong)(nong)村電商(shang)(shang)創業(ye)項目(mu)的(de)(de)申(shen)請標準。對(dui)科(ke)技含量高、能夠有效帶動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)脫貧致富的(de)(de)初(chu)創期、早中(zhong)期創業(ye)項目(mu)給予重點扶(fu)持。對(dui)大(da)(da)學(xue)生選擇到從(cong)事農(nong)(nong)(nong)村電商(shang)(shang)創業(ye)的(de)(de)，經(jing)工商(shang)(shang)登記(ji)注冊，同(tong)等享受各項就業(ye)創業(ye)扶(fu)持政策。同(tong)時(shi)，依托“海鷗眾創空間”和(he)“商(shang)(shang)機PARTY”活動(dong)，舉辦電商(shang)(shang)公益講座、農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品上行研修班、農(nong)(nong)(nong)商(shang)(shang)資源對(dui)接會等活動(dong)等百余場，拓(tuo)寬創業(ye)者的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)信(xin)息渠(qu)道。

為了彌補農(nong)村(cun)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)短板，我市創新城鄉物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)模式(shi)。依托(tuo)電(dian)商(shang)和物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)企業，在(zai)縣(xian)城設立“農(nong)產品(pin)配(pei)(pei)購中心”和“快遞(di)分(fen)撥中心”，在(zai)各鄉鎮設立“農(nong)村(cun)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)站(zhan)(zhan)”和“農(nong)產品(pin)收購站(zhan)(zhan)”，整合(he)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和快遞(di)資源，將配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)實行常態化和穩(wen)定化。物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)上游，通(tong)過電(dian)商(shang)、物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、快遞(di)等企業縱(zong)向(xiang)合(he)作(zuo)，建立配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)聯盟；下游通(tong)過電(dian)商(shang)服務(wu)點(dian)、電(dian)商(shang)扶貧(pin)服務(wu)點(dian)、村(cun)級綜合(he)服務(wu)站(zhan)(zhan)進行橫向(xiang)合(he)作(zuo)。整合(he)已經建成的末端配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和收購站(zhan)(zhan)點(dian)資源，通(tong)過網(wang)訂店(dian)取（送(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)）、農(nong)產品(pin)收購等方(fang)式(shi)滿足和解決(jue)實際需求。

“人才+品牌”實現農村電商發展新突破

黃島區返鄉(xiang)創業大學(xue)生趙(zhao)媛利(li)用(yong)“農(nong)村電(dian)商(shang)”平(ping)臺開設了“第(di)一書記推(tui)薦農(nong)產品(pin)”淘寶店鋪，并(bing)結合當地(di)草莓采摘(zhai)節的(de)機遇，進行網上銷(xiao)售(shou)無公(gong)害草莓，有效提升了經濟效益。即墨小蝸牛家庭農(nong)場將現(xian)代農(nong)業種植與電(dian)商(shang)旅游結合起來(lai)，培(pei)育電(dian)商(shang)型的(de)現(xian)代家庭農(nong)業，打造了產品(pin)原生態、純天然賣點，1萬多斤葡萄20天內銷(xiao)售(shou)一空。

在實施農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)牌化(hua)(hua)(hua)戰略中(zhong)，我市(shi)緊跟(gen)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)互聯網化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)趨勢，在帶(dai)動農(nong)村(cun)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)交易和服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同時，促(cu)進旅游(you)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)、餐飲行業(ye)(ye)、特(te)色經濟產(chan)業(ye)(ye)等(deng)(deng)發展。大(da)力推廣李滄、膠州(zhou)、即(ji)墨、平(ping)(ping)度電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)特(te)色產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區，重(zhong)點(dian)打造農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)孵化(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)地、創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)車(che)間、農(nong)村(cun)合作(zuo)社等(deng)(deng)各類平(ping)(ping)臺。同時創(chuang)建(jian)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)深加工產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)、倉儲物(wu)流(liu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)、O2O體驗園(yuan)等(deng)(deng)特(te)色園(yuan)區，為大(da)學生(sheng)返(fan)鄉創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)打造適宜(yi)發展的(de)生(sheng)態環境。目(mu)前，黃(huang)島(dao)(dao)區寶山鎮(zhen)大(da)窩(wo)洛村(cun)農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)、膠州(zhou)市(shi)里岔鎮(zhen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)公共(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)心、西海岸(an)新區電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)孵化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)心已正式啟(qi)用。下一步，力爭在全市(shi)建(jian)設3-5個重(zhong)點(dian)農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)公共(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)機(ji)構。在黃(huang)島(dao)(dao)、城陽、平(ping)(ping)度、即(ji)墨、膠州(zhou)、萊(lai)西各建(jian)成一個農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公共(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)心，每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)示(shi)范鄉鎮(zhen)都有(you)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公共(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分中(zhong)心，每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)示(shi)范村(cun)都有(you)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)網絡服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)點(dian)，并積(ji)極(ji)在創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)孵化(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)地內開辟大(da)學生(sheng)農(nong)商(shang)(shang)創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)專區。

為了培(pei)養大(da)學(xue)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商人(ren)才，我市整合在(zai)(zai)青高(gao)校(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商企(qi)業(ye)資源，組織“互聯網+”創業(ye)實(shi)踐活動，在(zai)(zai)青島(dao)黃(huang)海學(xue)院(yuan)等3所高(gao)校(xiao)開展普惠性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商人(ren)才培(pei)養活動，共吸(xi)引1150名(ming)在(zai)(zai)校(xiao)大(da)學(xue)生參加。特聘淘(tao)寶(bao)大(da)學(xue)講(jiang)師對參訓學(xue)員進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商知(zhi)識(shi)培(pei)訓，培(pei)訓內容包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子商務(wu)概況、淘(tao)寶(bao)運(yun)作模式、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商店鋪開設流程等知(zhi)識(shi)。今年7月(yue)，在(zai)(zai)青島(dao)創業(ye)大(da)學(xue)金(jin)水路新校(xiao)區成(cheng)立“青島(dao)市跨境電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商人(ren)才培(pei)養暨創新創業(ye)基(ji)地”。基(ji)地以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商為專業(ye)方向，以創業(ye)人(ren)才培(pei)養為特色，面向全市發揮(hui)示范(fan)引領作用(yong)，廣泛開展各層次的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商創業(ye)培(pei)訓，為青島(dao)構建外向型農產品網絡零售體系做好人(ren)才儲備。