為了解農民工就業情況,國家統(tong)計局(ju)煙(yan)臺(tai)調查(cha)隊對部(bu)分(fen)農村家庭進行了調查(cha),調查(cha)數據顯示(shi),三(san)季(ji)度煙(yan)臺(tai)農民工就(jiu)業(ye)形勢總體平(ping)穩,與去年同期相比(bi),收入(ru)水平(ping)穩步(bu)增(zeng)長,農村勞動力呈現由本地(di)就(jiu)業(ye)向外(wai)出就(jiu)業(ye)轉移(yi)的傾向。
國家統計局(ju)煙臺調(diao)查隊共對(dui)145戶(hu)農民(min)家庭進行(xing)了調(diao)查,三(san)季度末145戶(hu)農民(min)家庭住戶(hu)成員數402人,比(bi)去(qu)年同(tong)期增加(jia)2戶(hu),增加(jia)14人,其中勞動力324人,比(bi)去(qu)年同(tong)期增加(jia)12人,同(tong)比(bi)增加(jia)3.8%。
調查數據顯示,三(san)季(ji)度本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)非(fei)農(nong)務工(gong)70人(ren)(ren),非(fei)農(nong)自營23人(ren)(ren),比去年(nian)同期分(fen)別下降了13.6%和11.5%。收入方面,本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)非(fei)農(nong)務工(gong)平(ping)均(jun)日工(gong)資為88.6元,與去年(nian)同期的(de)86.6元相(xiang)比,上漲了2.3%。從(cong)(cong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)來看,三(san)季(ji)度從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)非(fei)農(nong)活動(dong)的(de)勞動(dong)力(li)中,從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)第一產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)數為0,31人(ren)(ren)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)第二產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye),62人(ren)(ren)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)第三(san)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye),與去年(nian)同期相(xiang)比都(dou)有下降,從(cong)(cong)事(shi)(shi)第二產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)數下降幅度相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)大,高(gao)達22.5%,。
外(wai)出就業勞動(dong)力增長較快,比(bi)去年同期(qi)增加了17人(ren),增幅高達36.2%,主要集中在第三(san)產業,批零住餐(can)等行業成為農村勞動(dong)力外(wai)出打零工(gong)的(de)首(shou)選。
今年(nian)三(san)季(ji)度(du)(du),煙臺(tai)農(nong)民工(gong)(gong)監測調查網點(dian)勞(lao)動力中(zhong)(zhong),外出(chu)(chu)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)62人,比(bi)去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了38.3%;外出(chu)(chu)自營的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)2人,比(bi)去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了100.0%。從(cong)收入(ru)(ru)來(lai)看(kan),今年(nian)三(san)季(ji)度(du)(du)外出(chu)(chu)就業(ye)勞(lao)動者(zhe)人均收入(ru)(ru)9006元(yuan),與去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)相(xiang)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)6.3%。其中(zhong)(zhong)寄帶(dai)回(hui)家中(zhong)(zhong)人均6596元(yuan),占(zhan)73.2%,在外消費2198元(yuan),占(zhan)24.4%。從(cong)外出(chu)(chu)從(cong)事(shi)產業(ye)來(lai)看(kan),在三(san)季(ji)度(du)(du)外出(chu)(chu)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)勞(lao)動力中(zhong)(zhong),從(cong)事(shi)第(di)(di)一產業(ye)的(de)(de)為(wei)0,從(cong)事(shi)第(di)(di)二(er)產業(ye)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)33人,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)22.2%;從(cong)事(shi)第(di)(di)三(san)產業(ye)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)34人,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)70.0%。從(cong)外出(chu)(chu)從(cong)業(ye)地區來(lai)看(kan),三(san)季(ji)度(du)(du)所有(you)(you)(you)外出(chu)(chu)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)勞(lao)動者(zhe)中(zhong)(zhong),省內(nei)務(wu)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)62人,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)37.8%;省外務(wu)工(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)5人,同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)150.0%。
傳統的(de)(de)農村勞動力務(wu)(wu)工(gong)存在的(de)(de)問(wen)題依(yi)然明顯,主(zhu)要表現在三個(ge)方面(mian):一是就(jiu)業(ye)選擇缺乏彈性(xing),在信息不(bu)對稱的(de)(de)情(qing)況下,農民工(gong)很難選擇更適合自己的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo),導致收入增長速度(du)過(guo)慢;二是職業(ye)技(ji)能缺乏,得不(bu)到有(you)針對性(xing)的(de)(de)培訓;三是城市公(gong)共服務(wu)(wu)水平的(de)(de)發展(zhan)跟(gen)不(bu)上農民工(gong)向城鎮縱(zong)深(shen)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)速度(du),嚴重影響了市民化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)。
政策建議:
(一(yi)(yi))進一(yi)(yi)步完善(shan)農民工職(zhi)業(ye)技能(neng)培訓(xun)(xun)體系,充分發揮政(zheng)府(fu)、企(qi)業(ye)和社(she)會培訓(xun)(xun)機(ji)構(gou)在(zai)農民工職(zhi)業(ye)技能(neng)培訓(xun)(xun)中的(de)作(zuo)用,構(gou)建政(zheng)府(fu)培訓(xun)(xun)組織機(ji)構(gou)——企(qi)業(ye)空間培訓(xun)(xun)機(ji)構(gou)——社(she)會綜合培訓(xun)(xun)機(ji)構(gou)三位(wei)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)多(duo)元化農民工職(zhi)業(ye)技能(neng)培訓(xun)(xun)體系,為農民工提供(gong)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)培訓(xun)(xun)機(ji)會。
(二)多部門聯合提供就業(ye)信(xin)息,拓寬農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)就業(ye)創業(ye)途徑。各農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)相(xiang)關部門建立(li)起政府(fu)、企業(ye)、職(zhi)業(ye)中(zhong)介機構與農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)相(xiang)聯的(de)(de)勞務(wu)(wu)(wu)電子商(shang)務(wu)(wu)(wu)平臺,招工(gong)(gong)信(xin)息的(de)(de)發布和農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)資料(liao)的(de)(de)上傳通過客戶端無障礙發布;鼓勵、引導和扶持(chi)經濟欠(qian)發達地區(qu)發揮(hui)當地資源優勢,依托小城鎮,以創業(ye)帶動就業(ye),積極(ji)支持(chi)農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)回鄉(xiang)創業(ye),發展(zhan)特色經濟,發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)化經營,發展(zhan)就業(ye)容量大的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)商(shang)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye),推動縣域經濟的(de)(de)發展(zhan)。
(三(san))加(jia)快(kuai)完(wan)善(shan)覆蓋農(nong)(nong)民(min)工的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障制度(du)。健全覆蓋農(nong)(nong)民(min)工的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障體系是保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障農(nong)(nong)民(min)工合(he)(he)法權益的(de)(de)(de)重要內(nei)容,有利于促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)民(min)工在城鎮穩(wen)定就業、加(jia)快(kuai)市(shi)民(min)化進(jin)程,有利于減少農(nong)(nong)民(min)工的(de)(de)(de)后顧之憂。首(shou)先(xian)抓緊建立適合(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)民(min)工特點的(de)(de)(de)養老保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險制度(du),國家提供一定的(de)(de)(de)財力(li)支持,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障農(nong)(nong)民(min)工老有所依;其次健全農(nong)(nong)民(min)工醫療保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障制度(du),解決農(nong)(nong)民(min)工看病(bing)難、看病(bing)貴問題(ti);最后盡快(kuai)實現工傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險對農(nong)(nong)民(min)工的(de)(de)(de)全覆蓋,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障農(nong)(nong)民(min)工在生產中的(de)(de)(de)人身安全。
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