為了解農民工就業情況(kuang),國家統計局煙臺調查(cha)(cha)隊對部分農(nong)村(cun)家庭(ting)進行了(le)調查(cha)(cha),調查(cha)(cha)數據顯示,三季(ji)度煙臺農(nong)民工就業形勢總體平穩,與去年同期相比,收(shou)入水平穩步增長,農(nong)村(cun)勞(lao)動力呈現由(you)本(ben)地就業向外(wai)出就業轉移的傾向。
國(guo)家統計局煙(yan)臺(tai)調(diao)(diao)查隊共對(dui)145戶農(nong)民家庭(ting)進行了調(diao)(diao)查,三季度末(mo)145戶農(nong)民家庭(ting)住戶成員數402人(ren),比(bi)去(qu)年(nian)同(tong)期增加2戶,增加14人(ren),其中勞動(dong)力324人(ren),比(bi)去(qu)年(nian)同(tong)期增加12人(ren),同(tong)比(bi)增加3.8%。
調查數(shu)據顯示(shi),三(san)季(ji)度本(ben)地(di)非(fei)(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)務(wu)工70人(ren),非(fei)(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)自(zi)營23人(ren),比(bi)去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)分(fen)別下(xia)降(jiang)了(le)13.6%和11.5%。收入方面(mian),本(ben)地(di)非(fei)(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)務(wu)工平均(jun)日工資為88.6元,與(yu)去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)86.6元相比(bi),上(shang)漲了(le)2.3%。從(cong)(cong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)來看(kan),三(san)季(ji)度從(cong)(cong)事(shi)本(ben)地(di)非(fei)(fei)(fei)農(nong)(nong)活動的(de)勞(lao)動力中,從(cong)(cong)事(shi)第(di)一產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)數(shu)為0,31人(ren)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)第(di)二產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),62人(ren)從(cong)(cong)事(shi)第(di)三(san)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),與(yu)去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)相比(bi)都有下(xia)降(jiang),從(cong)(cong)事(shi)第(di)二產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)數(shu)下(xia)降(jiang)幅度相對較大,高達22.5%,。
外出(chu)就(jiu)業勞動(dong)力(li)增(zeng)長較快,比去年同期(qi)增(zeng)加了17人,增(zeng)幅高(gao)達(da)36.2%,主(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)在第三產業,批零(ling)(ling)住餐等(deng)行業成為農村勞動(dong)力(li)外出(chu)打零(ling)(ling)工(gong)的首選。
今(jin)年三(san)(san)季(ji)(ji)(ji)度,煙臺(tai)農民(min)工監測調查網點勞(lao)(lao)動力中(zhong),外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)務(wu)工的有(you)(you)62人(ren),比(bi)去年同(tong)期增加了38.3%;外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)自(zi)營的有(you)(you)2人(ren),比(bi)去年同(tong)期增加了100.0%。從(cong)收入來(lai)看,今(jin)年三(san)(san)季(ji)(ji)(ji)度外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)就業勞(lao)(lao)動者人(ren)均收入9006元(yuan),與去年同(tong)期相比(bi)增加6.3%。其中(zhong)寄(ji)帶回家中(zhong)人(ren)均6596元(yuan),占73.2%,在(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)消費2198元(yuan),占24.4%。從(cong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)從(cong)事(shi)產(chan)業來(lai)看,在(zai)三(san)(san)季(ji)(ji)(ji)度外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)務(wu)工的勞(lao)(lao)動力中(zhong),從(cong)事(shi)第(di)(di)一產(chan)業的為0,從(cong)事(shi)第(di)(di)二(er)產(chan)業的有(you)(you)33人(ren),同(tong)比(bi)增加22.2%;從(cong)事(shi)第(di)(di)三(san)(san)產(chan)業的有(you)(you)34人(ren),同(tong)比(bi)增加70.0%。從(cong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)從(cong)業地區(qu)來(lai)看,三(san)(san)季(ji)(ji)(ji)度所有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)務(wu)工勞(lao)(lao)動者中(zhong),省內務(wu)工的有(you)(you)62人(ren),同(tong)比(bi)增加37.8%;省外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)務(wu)工有(you)(you)5人(ren),同(tong)比(bi)增加150.0%。
傳(chuan)統的(de)農(nong)村勞動力務工存在的(de)問題(ti)依然明顯(xian),主要表(biao)現在三(san)個方面:一是(shi)就業選擇缺乏彈性,在信息不(bu)對稱的(de)情況(kuang)下,農(nong)民工很難選擇更適(shi)合自己(ji)的(de)工作(zuo),導(dao)致(zhi)收入增(zeng)長速(su)度(du)過慢(man);二是(shi)職業技能缺乏,得不(bu)到(dao)有針對性的(de)培訓;三(san)是(shi)城市(shi)公共服(fu)務水(shui)平的(de)發展跟不(bu)上(shang)農(nong)民工向(xiang)城鎮縱深(shen)發展的(de)速(su)度(du),嚴重(zhong)影響了市(shi)民化進程。
政策建議:
(一(yi))進一(yi)步完善(shan)農民工職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)技能(neng)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)體(ti)系,充(chong)分發揮(hui)政府(fu)、企業(ye)和社(she)會培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)在農民工職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)技能(neng)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)中的(de)作用,構(gou)(gou)建政府(fu)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)組織機(ji)構(gou)(gou)——企業(ye)空間培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)——社(she)會綜合培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)三(san)位一(yi)體(ti)的(de)多元化農民工職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)技能(neng)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)體(ti)系,為農民工提供更多的(de)培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)機(ji)會。
(二(er))多部門聯(lian)(lian)合提供就業(ye)信(xin)息,拓(tuo)寬農民工(gong)(gong)就業(ye)創(chuang)業(ye)途(tu)徑。各農民工(gong)(gong)相關(guan)部門建立起(qi)政(zheng)府、企業(ye)、職業(ye)中(zhong)介機(ji)構與(yu)農民工(gong)(gong)相聯(lian)(lian)的勞務(wu)(wu)電子商(shang)務(wu)(wu)平臺,招工(gong)(gong)信(xin)息的發(fa)(fa)布(bu)和農民工(gong)(gong)資料的上傳通過客戶端無(wu)障(zhang)礙發(fa)(fa)布(bu);鼓勵、引導和扶(fu)持(chi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)欠(qian)發(fa)(fa)達地(di)區發(fa)(fa)揮當地(di)資源優勢(shi),依托小城(cheng)鎮,以創(chuang)業(ye)帶動就業(ye),積極支持(chi)農民工(gong)(gong)回鄉創(chuang)業(ye),發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)特色經(jing)(jing)濟(ji),發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農業(ye)產業(ye)化經(jing)(jing)營,發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)就業(ye)容量大(da)的工(gong)(gong)商(shang)服務(wu)(wu)業(ye),推動縣域經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。
(三)加快(kuai)完善覆(fu)蓋(gai)農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)(bao)障制度(du)。健全(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)(bao)障體系是保(bao)(bao)障農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)合法權益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)重要內(nei)容,有(you)利(li)于促進(jin)農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)在城鎮穩定就業、加快(kuai)市民(min)(min)化進(jin)程,有(you)利(li)于減少農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)后顧之憂。首(shou)先抓緊建立適合農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)特(te)點的(de)(de)(de)養(yang)老(lao)保(bao)(bao)險制度(du),國(guo)家(jia)提供一定的(de)(de)(de)財力支持,保(bao)(bao)障農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)老(lao)有(you)所依;其次健全(quan)農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)醫(yi)療保(bao)(bao)障制度(du),解決農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)看病難、看病貴(gui)問(wen)題;最后盡快(kuai)實現工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險對農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai),保(bao)(bao)障農(nong)民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)在生產中的(de)(de)(de)人身安(an)全(quan)。
推薦閱讀