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為了解煙臺市規模以下工業企業用工情況，國家統計局煙臺調查隊于近期對150家規模以下工業企業用工情況進行了專題調查。從調查的情況看，102家企業沒有招工需求，有招工需求的48家企業中只有5家企業沒有找到所需員工。當前，我市規模以下工業企業用工情況基本穩定，但企業用工中存在用工需求不旺、專業技術人員缺乏、企業用工觀念落后、用工成本逐年走高等問題。

企業招工難正逐步緩解

國家統計(ji)煙臺(tai)調查(cha)(cha)隊調查(cha)(cha)顯示，我市規模以(yi)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)況穩(wen)定(ding)。一季(ji)度，有(you)48家樣本(ben)(ben)單(dan)位(wei)有(you)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，占(zhan)樣本(ben)(ben)單(dan)位(wei)總量的32%。其中，有(you)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)并(bing)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)全部(bu)所需(xu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的10家，有(you)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)并(bing)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)大部(bu)分(fen)所需(xu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的有(you)20家，有(you)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)少部(bu)分(fen)所需(xu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的有(you)13家，有(you)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)沒能招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)所需(xu)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的有(you)5家。102家樣本(ben)(ben)單(dan)位(wei)沒有(you)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。當前規模以(yi)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)況穩(wen)定(ding)，招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不旺。

企業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)持續走(zou)高。今年(nian)1-2月(yue)份，150家(jia)(jia)樣本(ben)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)共有職(zhi)工(gong)3340人，支(zhi)付職(zhi)工(gong)薪酬(chou)2229.2萬元，人均月(yue)薪酬(chou)3337元，比去年(nian)同期增(zeng)加70元，同比增(zeng)長2.1%。人工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的逐年(nian)增(zeng)長擠占了企業(ye)(ye)(ye)利潤空間，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)近幾年(nian)困(kun)擾規(gui)下工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的突(tu)出問(wen)(wen)題之一(yi)。問(wen)(wen)卷調(diao)查顯示(shi)：在當(dang)前(qian)(qian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)面臨的用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)快、原(yuan)材料成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)快、融(rong)資(zi)難、招工(gong)難、資(zi)金緊(jin)張、市(shi)場需(xu)求不足(zu)六個突(tu)出問(wen)(wen)題中，用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)快一(yi)直(zhi)占據(ju)困(kun)擾企業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的突(tu)出問(wen)(wen)題前(qian)(qian)三名(ming)，本(ben)次問(wen)(wen)卷調(diao)查顯示(shi)72家(jia)(jia)樣本(ben)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)認為(wei)(wei)用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)快是困(kun)擾當(dang)前(qian)(qian)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的突(tu)出問(wen)(wen)題之一(yi)，占樣本(ben)總(zong)量的48%。

雖(sui)然用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)本走(zou)高，但好消息是(shi)，企(qi)(qi)業招(zhao)工(gong)難問(wen)題(ti)正逐(zhu)步得到緩解(jie)。調查(cha)結果顯示(shi)，在當(dang)(dang)前企(qi)(qi)業面臨的用(yong)工(gong)成(cheng)本上升快、原材料成(cheng)本上升快、融(rong)資難、招(zhao)工(gong)難、資金(jin)緊張(zhang)、市場需求不足六個突(tu)出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)中，一季度(du)只有11家(jia)樣(yang)(yang)本企(qi)(qi)業將“招(zhao)工(gong)難”列為(wei)當(dang)(dang)前困擾企(qi)(qi)業發展(zhan)的突(tu)出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)，占調查(cha)樣(yang)(yang)本總量(liang)的7.3%。所占比(bi)重達到新樣(yang)(yang)本啟用(yong)以(yi)來的最低水平(ping)，說明(ming)企(qi)(qi)業招(zhao)工(gong)難問(wen)題(ti)正在逐(zhu)步緩解(jie)。

企業用工觀念需要“升級”

調(diao)查(cha)中(zhong)，國家統計煙臺調(diao)查(cha)隊(dui)發現，150家樣本企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)用工問題上(shang)存(cun)在(zai)一些問題亟待解決(jue)。首(shou)先是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)保(bao)(bao)福(fu)利(li)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)不完善(shan)。隨著社會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)體系進一步改善(shan)，職工參(can)保(bao)(bao)意識逐步增(zeng)強，但有(you)(you)的企(qi)業(ye)因自身條件限制，收入有(you)(you)限，為了(le)節約成本，提高利(li)潤，不為員工繳(jiao)納養(yang)老、醫療、失(shi)業(ye)、工傷保(bao)(bao)險等。還(huan)有(you)(you)的企(qi)業(ye)不與職工簽訂正規(gui)的“勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)”，職工的合法權(quan)益不能得到保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。部分企(qi)業(ye)工作環境較差，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動保(bao)(bao)護條件差，甚(shen)至危及職工的人身健康和安全(quan)。

部分(fen)企業的(de)用(yong)工(gong)觀念(nian)需要“升級”。一些小(xiao)微工(gong)業企業依賴低人(ren)力成本優勢(shi)進行(xing)市場競爭，靠加班加點來提高產量，不(bu)引進高新技(ji)術設備來提高效(xiao)率，不(bu)想法(fa)使企業轉(zhuan)型升級。沒有(you)人(ren)才儲備，招(zhao)聘途徑單一，對用(yong)工(gong)招(zhao)聘不(bu)提前準(zhun)備，等到企業急需用(yong)工(gong)時臨時抓現，一時招(zhao)不(bu)到所需工(gong)人(ren)時有(you)發生(sheng)。

供求(qiu)錯位技(ji)術工短缺。勞動(dong)力與市場供求(qiu)之(zhi)間存在結構性矛盾，幾乎所有行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的熟(shu)練工、高級(ji)技(ji)工都(dou)處于供不應求(qiu)的狀態。市場上勞動(dong)力主要以普通工、農民工為主，而大部分高校(xiao)畢業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)一(yi)般不愿從事艱苦行(xing)業(ye)(ye)或到基層一(yi)線工作，企業(ye)(ye)一(yi)線技(ji)工、熟(shu)練技(ji)工短缺。部分規下工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產條件差、職工福(fu)利保障不如大型企業(ye)(ye)，發展空間不大，導致(zhi)人才流失(shi)。