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為了解煙臺市規模以下工業企業用工情況，國家統計局煙臺調查隊于近期對150家規模以下工業企業用工情況進行了專題調查。從調查的情況看，102家企業沒有招工需求，有招工需求的48家企業中只有5家企業沒有找到所需員工。當前，我市規模以下工業企業用工情況基本穩定，但企業用工中存在用工需求不旺、專業技術人員缺乏、企業用工觀念落后、用工成本逐年走高等問題。

企業招工難正逐步緩解

國家(jia)(jia)(jia)統計煙臺調(diao)查隊調(diao)查顯(xian)示，我市規模以下工(gong)(gong)(gong)業企業用工(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)況穩定。一季度，有(you)(you)48家(jia)(jia)(jia)樣(yang)(yang)本單位有(you)(you)招工(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，占樣(yang)(yang)本單位總量的(de)(de)(de)32%。其中，有(you)(you)招工(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)并(bing)招到(dao)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)所需(xu)(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)10家(jia)(jia)(jia)，有(you)(you)招工(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)并(bing)招到(dao)大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)所需(xu)(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)20家(jia)(jia)(jia)，有(you)(you)招工(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)招到(dao)少部(bu)(bu)分(fen)所需(xu)(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)13家(jia)(jia)(jia)，有(you)(you)招工(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)沒(mei)能招到(dao)所需(xu)(xu)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)5家(jia)(jia)(jia)。102家(jia)(jia)(jia)樣(yang)(yang)本單位沒(mei)有(you)(you)招工(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。當前規模以下工(gong)(gong)(gong)業企業用工(gong)(gong)(gong)情(qing)況穩定，招工(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不旺。

企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)持續(xu)走(zou)高。今年(nian)1-2月(yue)份，150家樣本(ben)(ben)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)共(gong)有(you)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)3340人，支付職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)薪酬(chou)2229.2萬元，人均月(yue)薪酬(chou)3337元，比去年(nian)同期增加(jia)70元，同比增長2.1%。人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的(de)逐(zhu)年(nian)增長擠(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)了(le)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤空(kong)間，成(cheng)為近(jin)幾年(nian)困擾(rao)規(gui)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展的(de)突(tu)出問(wen)題之一。問(wen)卷調查(cha)顯(xian)示：在(zai)當(dang)前企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面臨的(de)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升(sheng)快(kuai)、原材料成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升(sheng)快(kuai)、融資難、招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難、資金(jin)緊張、市場(chang)需(xu)求不足六個突(tu)出問(wen)題中，用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升(sheng)快(kuai)一直占(zhan)(zhan)據困擾(rao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展的(de)突(tu)出問(wen)題前三名，本(ben)(ben)次問(wen)卷調查(cha)顯(xian)示72家樣本(ben)(ben)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)認(ren)為用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升(sheng)快(kuai)是困擾(rao)當(dang)前企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展的(de)突(tu)出問(wen)題之一，占(zhan)(zhan)樣本(ben)(ben)總量的(de)48%。

雖然用(yong)(yong)工成本(ben)(ben)走(zou)高，但好(hao)消息(xi)是，企(qi)業(ye)招工難(nan)(nan)問(wen)題(ti)正逐步得到緩(huan)解(jie)。調(diao)查(cha)結果顯示，在(zai)當前企(qi)業(ye)面臨的用(yong)(yong)工成本(ben)(ben)上升快(kuai)、原材(cai)料(liao)成本(ben)(ben)上升快(kuai)、融(rong)資難(nan)(nan)、招工難(nan)(nan)、資金(jin)緊(jin)張、市場(chang)需求不(bu)足六個突(tu)出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)中，一季度只有11家(jia)樣本(ben)(ben)企(qi)業(ye)將“招工難(nan)(nan)”列為(wei)當前困擾(rao)企(qi)業(ye)發(fa)展的突(tu)出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)，占調(diao)查(cha)樣本(ben)(ben)總(zong)量的7.3%。所占比重達到新樣本(ben)(ben)啟用(yong)(yong)以來的最低水平(ping)，說明企(qi)業(ye)招工難(nan)(nan)問(wen)題(ti)正在(zai)逐步緩(huan)解(jie)。

企業用工觀念需要“升級”

調查(cha)中，國家統計煙臺調查(cha)隊(dui)發(fa)現，150家樣本企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)用工(gong)問題(ti)(ti)上(shang)存(cun)在(zai)一些問題(ti)(ti)亟待解決。首先是勞保(bao)(bao)福利(li)保(bao)(bao)障不(bu)(bu)(bu)完善(shan)。隨著社會保(bao)(bao)障體系進一步改善(shan)，職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)參保(bao)(bao)意識逐步增強，但有(you)的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)因自身條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)限(xian)制，收入有(you)限(xian)，為了節(jie)約成本，提(ti)高利(li)潤，不(bu)(bu)(bu)為員(yuan)工(gong)繳納(na)養老、醫(yi)療、失業(ye)(ye)、工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險等(deng)。還(huan)有(you)的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)與職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)簽訂正規(gui)的“勞動(dong)合同”，職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)的合法(fa)權(quan)益不(bu)(bu)(bu)能得(de)到保(bao)(bao)障。部(bu)分企(qi)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)作(zuo)環境較差，勞動(dong)保(bao)(bao)護條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)差，甚至危及職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)的人身健(jian)康和(he)安全。

部分企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的用(yong)工觀念(nian)需要“升級”。一(yi)些小微工業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)依(yi)賴(lai)低人(ren)力成本(ben)優勢進(jin)(jin)行(xing)市場競爭(zheng)，靠(kao)加(jia)班加(jia)點來提(ti)高產量，不引(yin)進(jin)(jin)高新技術設備來提(ti)高效率(lv)，不想法使(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)轉型升級。沒有(you)人(ren)才(cai)儲備，招聘(pin)途徑單一(yi)，對用(yong)工招聘(pin)不提(ti)前準備，等到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)急需用(yong)工時臨時抓現(xian)，一(yi)時招不到所(suo)需工人(ren)時有(you)發生。

供求錯位(wei)技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)短缺。勞動(dong)力與(yu)市場供求之間存在(zai)結構(gou)性矛(mao)盾，幾乎所有行業(ye)的熟練(lian)工(gong)、高級技(ji)工(gong)都處于供不(bu)應求的狀態。市場上勞動(dong)力主(zhu)(zhu)要以(yi)普通工(gong)、農民(min)工(gong)為主(zhu)(zhu)，而大部(bu)分(fen)高校畢業(ye)生一般不(bu)愿(yuan)從(cong)事艱苦行業(ye)或到基層(ceng)一線工(gong)作，企業(ye)一線技(ji)工(gong)、熟練(lian)技(ji)工(gong)短缺。部(bu)分(fen)規(gui)下工(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)生產條件差、職工(gong)福利保障不(bu)如大型企業(ye)，發展空(kong)間不(bu)大，導致人才流(liu)失。