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為了解煙臺市規模以下工業企業用工情況，國家統計局煙臺調查隊于近期對150家規模以下工業企業用工情況進行了專題調查。從調查的情況看，102家企業沒有招工需求，有招工需求的48家企業中只有5家企業沒有找到所需員工。當前，我市規模以下工業企業用工情況基本穩定，但企業用工中存在用工需求不旺、專業技術人員缺乏、企業用工觀念落后、用工成本逐年走高等問題。

企業招工難正逐步緩解

國(guo)家(jia)(jia)統計煙臺調查(cha)隊(dui)調查(cha)顯示，我(wo)市規模以下(xia)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)用工(gong)(gong)情況穩(wen)定。一季度，有(you)48家(jia)(jia)樣本單(dan)位有(you)招工(gong)(gong)需(xu)求，占(zhan)樣本單(dan)位總量(liang)的(de)(de)32%。其中，有(you)招工(gong)(gong)需(xu)求并招到(dao)全部(bu)所(suo)需(xu)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)10家(jia)(jia)，有(you)招工(gong)(gong)需(xu)求并招到(dao)大(da)部(bu)分所(suo)需(xu)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)有(you)20家(jia)(jia)，有(you)招工(gong)(gong)需(xu)求招到(dao)少部(bu)分所(suo)需(xu)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)有(you)13家(jia)(jia)，有(you)招工(gong)(gong)需(xu)求沒能招到(dao)所(suo)需(xu)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)有(you)5家(jia)(jia)。102家(jia)(jia)樣本單(dan)位沒有(you)招工(gong)(gong)需(xu)求。當(dang)前規模以下(xia)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)用工(gong)(gong)情況穩(wen)定，招工(gong)(gong)需(xu)求不(bu)旺。

企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)持續走高。今年(nian)1-2月(yue)份(fen)，150家樣本(ben)(ben)(ben)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)共(gong)有職工(gong)(gong)3340人，支付職工(gong)(gong)薪酬(chou)(chou)2229.2萬(wan)元(yuan)，人均月(yue)薪酬(chou)(chou)3337元(yuan)，比(bi)去年(nian)同期增(zeng)加70元(yuan)，同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)2.1%。人工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)逐年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)擠(ji)占(zhan)了(le)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利潤空(kong)間，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為近幾年(nian)困擾(rao)規(gui)下工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)突(tu)(tu)出問(wen)題(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。問(wen)卷調查(cha)顯示：在當前(qian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)面臨的(de)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)上升快、原材料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)上升快、融資難、招工(gong)(gong)難、資金(jin)緊張(zhang)、市場(chang)需(xu)求不足六個突(tu)(tu)出問(wen)題(ti)中，用(yong)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)上升快一(yi)(yi)直占(zhan)據困擾(rao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)突(tu)(tu)出問(wen)題(ti)前(qian)三名(ming)，本(ben)(ben)(ben)次問(wen)卷調查(cha)顯示72家樣本(ben)(ben)(ben)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)認為用(yong)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)上升快是困擾(rao)當前(qian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)突(tu)(tu)出問(wen)題(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，占(zhan)樣本(ben)(ben)(ben)總量的(de)48%。

雖(sui)然用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)成本(ben)走高，但(dan)好(hao)消息是(shi)，企(qi)業招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難問(wen)題(ti)正(zheng)逐步(bu)得到緩(huan)(huan)解(jie)。調查結果顯示，在當前企(qi)業面臨的用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)成本(ben)上升(sheng)(sheng)快、原材(cai)料成本(ben)上升(sheng)(sheng)快、融資難、招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難、資金緊張(zhang)、市場需(xu)求不足六個突出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)中，一季度只有11家(jia)樣(yang)本(ben)企(qi)業將“招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難”列為當前困擾(rao)企(qi)業發展的突出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)，占(zhan)調查樣(yang)本(ben)總量的7.3%。所占(zhan)比重達到新樣(yang)本(ben)啟用(yong)(yong)以(yi)來(lai)的最低水平，說明企(qi)業招(zhao)工(gong)(gong)難問(wen)題(ti)正(zheng)在逐步(bu)緩(huan)(huan)解(jie)。

企業用工觀念需要“升級”

調(diao)查中，國家統計煙臺調(diao)查隊發現，150家樣(yang)本(ben)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業在用工(gong)(gong)問題上存在一些問題亟待解決。首先是勞(lao)保(bao)福利保(bao)障(zhang)不(bu)(bu)完善。隨著社(she)會保(bao)障(zhang)體系進一步(bu)(bu)改善，職工(gong)(gong)參保(bao)意識逐步(bu)(bu)增強，但有的(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業因自(zi)身(shen)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)限制(zhi)，收(shou)入(ru)有限，為了節(jie)約成本(ben)，提高利潤，不(bu)(bu)為員工(gong)(gong)繳(jiao)納養老(lao)、醫療、失業、工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險等(deng)。還有的(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業不(bu)(bu)與職工(gong)(gong)簽訂正規的(de)“勞(lao)動合同”，職工(gong)(gong)的(de)合法權益不(bu)(bu)能得到(dao)保(bao)障(zhang)。部(bu)分企(qi)(qi)(qi)業工(gong)(gong)作環境(jing)較(jiao)差(cha)，勞(lao)動保(bao)護條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)差(cha)，甚至危及職工(gong)(gong)的(de)人身(shen)健康和安全。

部(bu)分企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的用(yong)工(gong)(gong)觀(guan)念(nian)需要(yao)“升(sheng)級”。一些小微工(gong)(gong)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)依賴低人力成本優勢進行市場競爭，靠加班加點來提(ti)高產量，不引進高新技術設備(bei)來提(ti)高效率，不想法(fa)使(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)轉型升(sheng)級。沒有(you)人才儲(chu)備(bei)，招(zhao)聘途徑(jing)單(dan)一，對用(yong)工(gong)(gong)招(zhao)聘不提(ti)前準(zhun)備(bei)，等到企(qi)(qi)業(ye)急(ji)需用(yong)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)臨時(shi)抓(zhua)現，一時(shi)招(zhao)不到所(suo)需工(gong)(gong)人時(shi)有(you)發生。

供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)錯位技術工(gong)短缺。勞動力與市(shi)場(chang)供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)之間(jian)存(cun)在結構(gou)性(xing)矛盾(dun)，幾乎所(suo)有行(xing)業(ye)的(de)熟(shu)練工(gong)、高級技工(gong)都處于供(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)應求(qiu)的(de)狀態。市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)勞動力主要以(yi)普通工(gong)、農民工(gong)為主，而(er)大部分高校(xiao)畢業(ye)生一(yi)般不(bu)(bu)愿從事艱苦(ku)行(xing)業(ye)或到基層一(yi)線工(gong)作，企業(ye)一(yi)線技工(gong)、熟(shu)練技工(gong)短缺。部分規下工(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)生產條件差、職工(gong)福利保障不(bu)(bu)如(ru)大型企業(ye)，發展空間(jian)不(bu)(bu)大，導致人才流失。