問 有的單(dan)位為了最大限(xian)度的維護(hu)自身的利益，選擇與(yu)勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)隨意約(yue)定(ding)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同違約(yue)金。那從法律角度來看(kan)，到底單(dan)位可以隨意約(yue)定(ding)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同違約(yue)金嗎(ma)？

答 首先如(ru)用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)為勞(lao)動者(zhe)提供(gong)專項培(pei)訓費用(yong)(yong)，對其進行專業(ye)(ye)(ye)技術培(pei)訓，雙(shuang)方(fang)可以約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)期。如(ru)果勞(lao)動者(zhe)違(wei)反服(fu)務(wu)(wu)期約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)，可按約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)單(dan)位(wei)支付(fu)違(wei)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)金。但違(wei)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)金數額不得超(chao)過(guo)甲(jia)(jia)方(fang)提供(gong)的(de)(de)培(pei)訓費用(yong)(yong)，并不得超(chao)過(guo)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)期尚未履行部分應分攤的(de)(de)培(pei)訓費用(yong)(yong)。如(ru)勞(lao)動者(zhe)掌握甲(jia)(jia)方(fang)的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)秘密和與(yu)知識產權相關的(de)(de)保密事項，雙(shuang)方(fang)可約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)勞(lao)動者(zhe)負有(you)保密義務(wu)(wu)，用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)可與(yu)其約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)競(jing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)限制(zhi)，并約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)在解除或者(zhe)終止本合同(tong)后，在競(jing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)限制(zhi)期限內按月(yue)給予勞(lao)動者(zhe)經濟補償。如(ru)果勞(lao)動者(zhe)違(wei)反競(jing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)限制(zhi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)，應當(dang)按照(zhao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)支付(fu)違(wei)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)金。