居民“錢包”七十年鼓起來近六十倍
齊魯人才網 . 2020-08-19發布

國家統計局近日發布的數據顯示,新中國成立70年來特別是改革開放以來,城鄉居民收入大幅增長。1949年全國居民人均可支配收入僅為49.7元,2018年居民人均可支配收入達到28228元,名義增長566.6倍,扣除物價因素實際增長59.2倍,年均實際增長6.1%。

  1949-1978年(nian)(nian),城鎮居民(min)人均可(ke)支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)從1949年(nian)(nian)的(de)99.5元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)加到(dao)1957年(nian)(nian)的(de)254元(yuan)(yuan),年(nian)(nian)均實際增(zeng)長(chang)9.1%;農村(cun)居民(min)人均可(ke)支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)由(you)1949年(nian)(nian)的(de)44元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)加到(dao)1957年(nian)(nian)的(de)73元(yuan)(yuan),年(nian)(nian)均實際增(zeng)長(chang)3.5%。到(dao)1978年(nian)(nian),城鎮居民(min)人均可(ke)支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)343元(yuan)(yuan),比(bi)1957年(nian)(nian)名義(yi)增(zeng)長(chang)35.4%,年(nian)(nian)均實際增(zeng)長(chang)0.8%;農村(cun)居民(min)人均可(ke)支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)134元(yuan)(yuan),比(bi)1957年(nian)(nian)名義(yi)增(zeng)長(chang)83.1%,年(nian)(nian)均實際增(zeng)長(chang)2.3%。

  1979-1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),城鎮居民(min)(min)人均可(ke)支配(pei)收入從(cong)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的343元(yuan)增加到1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的1701元(yuan),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均實(shi)際(ji)增長6.0%;農村居民(min)(min)人均可(ke)支配(pei)收入從(cong)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的134元(yuan)增加到1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的709元(yuan),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均實(shi)際(ji)增長9.3%。

  1992-2012年(nian)(nian),城鎮居民(min)人(ren)均(jun)(jun)可支配收入從1992年(nian)(nian)的(de)2027元(yuan)增(zeng)加到2012年(nian)(nian)的(de)24127元(yuan),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)實(shi)際增(zeng)長8.3%;農村居民(min)人(ren)均(jun)(jun)可支配收入從1992年(nian)(nian)的(de)784元(yuan)增(zeng)加到2012年(nian)(nian)的(de)8389元(yuan),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)實(shi)際增(zeng)長6.7%。

  2013-2018年,城(cheng)鎮居民(min)人(ren)均可(ke)支(zhi)配收入從2013年的(de)26467元(yuan)(yuan)增加到2018年的(de)39251元(yuan)(yuan),年均實際增長(chang)6.3%;農村居民(min)人(ren)均可(ke)支(zhi)配收入從2013年的(de)9430元(yuan)(yuan)增加到2018年的(de)14617元(yuan)(yuan),年均實際增長(chang)7.7%。

  伴隨城鄉(xiang)居民(min)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)的(de)跨越式(shi)增長,城鄉(xiang)居民(min)的(de)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)來(lai)源從單一走向多(duo)元(yuan)。城鎮居民(min)工(gong)資(zi)性收(shou)入(ru)(ru)不再占據(ju)絕對(dui)主體,經營(ying)、財產和(he)轉(zhuan)移收(shou)入(ru)(ru)比重增加。新中(zhong)國(guo)成立后(hou)(hou)至改(gai)革開放前,城鎮居民(min)就(jiu)業(ye)者絕大多(duo)數為國(guo)有和(he)集體職工(gong),工(gong)資(zi)性收(shou)入(ru)(ru)幾(ji)乎(hu)是(shi)唯(wei)一的(de)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)來(lai)源。改(gai)革開放后(hou)(hou),隨著(zhu)非公有制經濟蓬(peng)勃發展,投資(zi)渠道不斷拓寬,社(she)會保障體系逐漸完善(shan),城鎮居民(min)的(de)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)來(lai)源日益多(duo)元(yuan)化。

  統計局數據顯示,2018年城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)人均工(gong)資性收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)占人均可(ke)支(zhi)配收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的比(bi)重為(wei)60.6%,比(bi)1964年下降(jiang)30.3個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點;2018年城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)人均經營凈(jing)(jing)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的占比(bi)為(wei)11.3%,比(bi)1964年提高(gao)(gao)8.4個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點;2018年城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)人均財產凈(jing)(jing)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的占比(bi)為(wei)10.3%,比(bi)1985年提高(gao)(gao)9.8個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點;2018年城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)人均轉移(yi)凈(jing)(jing)收(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的占比(bi)為(wei)17.8%,比(bi)1964年提高(gao)(gao)13.3個百(bai)分(fen)(fen)點。

  農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)來(lai)源(yuan)由集體工分收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)和(he)(he)家庭(ting)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)為(wei)主(zhu)轉為(wei)家庭(ting)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)、工資和(he)(he)轉移收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)并駕齊驅。改革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)前,農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民(min)從集體得到(dao)的(de)(de)工分收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)最(zui)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)來(lai)源(yuan),1956年農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民(min)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)從集體得到(dao)的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)可(ke)支配收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)62.4%;農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民(min)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)家庭(ting)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)凈收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)為(wei)23.3%。改革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)后(hou),家庭(ting)聯產承包責任制的(de)(de)實行使得農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶成(cheng)為(wei)獨立的(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)單位,家庭(ting)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)上升(sheng)。隨(sui)著大量農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)富(fu)余勞動力向第二、第三產業轉移,工資性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)成(cheng)為(wei)拉動農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)快速(su)增(zeng)長的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)來(lai)源(yuan)。進(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)21世(shi)紀后(hou),隨(sui)著各種惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)補(bu)貼的(de)(de)發(fa)放(fang)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)社會保障(zhang)體制的(de)(de)完善和(he)(he)脫(tuo)貧(pin)攻堅(jian)政策(ce)的(de)(de)深入(ru)(ru)(ru)推進(jin),轉移性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)也(ye)得到(dao)快速(su)增(zeng)長。2018年,農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居民(min)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)工資性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)(jun)可(ke)支配收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)41.0%,經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)凈收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)為(wei)36.7%,財產凈收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)為(wei)2.3%,轉移凈收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)為(wei)20.0%。