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國家統計局近日發布的數據顯示，新中國成立70年來特別是改革開放以來，城鄉居民收入大幅增長。1949年全國居民人均可支配收入僅為49.7元，2018年居民人均可支配收入達到28228元，名義增長566.6倍，扣除物價因素實際增長59.2倍，年均實際增長6.1%。

　　1949-1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，城鎮居(ju)(ju)民(min)人均(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配收入從1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)99.5元(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)加到1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)254元(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)實(shi)際增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)9.1%；農村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)人均(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配收入由1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)44元(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)加到1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)73元(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)實(shi)際增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)3.5%。到1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，城鎮居(ju)(ju)民(min)人均(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配收入343元(yuan)，比(bi)1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)名(ming)義增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)35.4%，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)實(shi)際增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)0.8%；農村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)人均(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配收入134元(yuan)，比(bi)1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)名(ming)義增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)83.1%，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)實(shi)際增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)2.3%。

　　1979-1991年，城(cheng)鎮居民(min)人均可(ke)支配(pei)收入從1978年的(de)343元增(zeng)加到1991年的(de)1701元，年均實際增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)6.0%；農村(cun)居民(min)人均可(ke)支配(pei)收入從1978年的(de)134元增(zeng)加到1991年的(de)709元，年均實際增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)9.3%。

　　1992-2012年，城鎮(zhen)居(ju)民人均(jun)可支配收(shou)入從1992年的(de)2027元(yuan)增(zeng)加到2012年的(de)24127元(yuan)，年均(jun)實際增(zeng)長(chang)8.3%；農(nong)村居(ju)民人均(jun)可支配收(shou)入從1992年的(de)784元(yuan)增(zeng)加到2012年的(de)8389元(yuan)，年均(jun)實際增(zeng)長(chang)6.7%。

　　2013-2018年，城(cheng)鎮居(ju)民人(ren)均(jun)(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)配收入從(cong)2013年的26467元(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)2018年的39251元(yuan)，年均(jun)(jun)實際增(zeng)(zeng)長6.3%；農村(cun)居(ju)民人(ren)均(jun)(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)配收入從(cong)2013年的9430元(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)2018年的14617元(yuan)，年均(jun)(jun)實際增(zeng)(zeng)長7.7%。

　　伴(ban)隨城(cheng)鄉居(ju)民收(shou)入(ru)的跨(kua)越式增(zeng)(zeng)長，城(cheng)鄉居(ju)民的收(shou)入(ru)來源(yuan)(yuan)從(cong)單一走向多元(yuan)。城(cheng)鎮居(ju)民工(gong)資性(xing)收(shou)入(ru)不再占據絕(jue)對主體(ti)，經營、財產和(he)轉移收(shou)入(ru)比重增(zeng)(zeng)加。新中國(guo)成立后(hou)至改(gai)革開(kai)放前，城(cheng)鎮居(ju)民就(jiu)業者(zhe)絕(jue)大多數為國(guo)有和(he)集體(ti)職(zhi)工(gong)，工(gong)資性(xing)收(shou)入(ru)幾乎是唯一的收(shou)入(ru)來源(yuan)(yuan)。改(gai)革開(kai)放后(hou)，隨著非(fei)公有制經濟蓬(peng)勃發展，投資渠道不斷拓寬，社會保障(zhang)體(ti)系逐漸完(wan)善，城(cheng)鎮居(ju)民的收(shou)入(ru)來源(yuan)(yuan)日益多元(yuan)化。

　　統計局數據(ju)顯示，2018年(nian)(nian)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民人均(jun)工資性收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)占人均(jun)可支配收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)比(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為60.6%，比(bi)(bi)(bi)1964年(nian)(nian)下降30.3個百分點(dian)；2018年(nian)(nian)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民人均(jun)經(jing)營凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)占比(bi)(bi)(bi)為11.3%，比(bi)(bi)(bi)1964年(nian)(nian)提高(gao)8.4個百分點(dian)；2018年(nian)(nian)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民人均(jun)財產凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)占比(bi)(bi)(bi)為10.3%，比(bi)(bi)(bi)1985年(nian)(nian)提高(gao)9.8個百分點(dian)；2018年(nian)(nian)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民人均(jun)轉移凈(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)的(de)占比(bi)(bi)(bi)為17.8%，比(bi)(bi)(bi)1964年(nian)(nian)提高(gao)13.3個百分點(dian)。

　　農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)來(lai)(lai)源由集體工(gong)(gong)(gong)分收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)和(he)家庭(ting)經營(ying)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)為主(zhu)(zhu)轉(zhuan)為家庭(ting)經營(ying)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)資和(he)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)并駕齊(qi)驅。改(gai)(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放前(qian)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)從(cong)集體得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)分收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)是最主(zhu)(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)來(lai)(lai)源，1956年農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)人(ren)均(jun)從(cong)集體得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)均(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)(zhi)配收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為62.4%；農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)人(ren)均(jun)家庭(ting)經營(ying)凈(jing)(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)為23.3%。改(gai)(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放后，家庭(ting)聯產(chan)承包(bao)責(ze)任制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實行使得農(nong)(nong)戶成(cheng)(cheng)為獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經營(ying)單位(wei)，家庭(ting)經營(ying)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)上升。隨(sui)著(zhu)大量農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)富余勞(lao)動力向第二、第三產(chan)業轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)資性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)成(cheng)(cheng)為拉動農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)快速增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要來(lai)(lai)源。進入(ru)(ru)21世(shi)紀(ji)后，隨(sui)著(zhu)各種惠農(nong)(nong)補貼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發放、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)社會保障體制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完善和(he)脫貧攻堅(jian)政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深入(ru)(ru)推進，轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)也得到快速增(zeng)長(chang)。2018年，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)人(ren)均(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資性收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)均(jun)可(ke)支(zhi)(zhi)配收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為41.0%，經營(ying)凈(jing)(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)為36.7%，財產(chan)凈(jing)(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)為2.3%，轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)凈(jing)(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)(bi)為20.0%。