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距離(li)2018年結(jie)束(shu)，還(huan)有不(bu)到三個月時間，截至目前，全國至少已有15個省份發布了(le)2018年企業工(gong)資指導線。你的工(gong)資漲了(le)嗎(ma)？

　　據中新經(jing)緯客戶(hu)端不(bu)完全統(tong)計，截至10月21日，至少已有甘肅(su)、海(hai)南(nan)、天津、山西、江西、福(fu)建、內蒙古、山東、河南(nan)、四川、陜西、吉林、安徽、云(yun)南(nan)、上海(hai)等15個省份公布了(le)2018年企業工(gong)資指導線。

　　除上(shang)述(shu)15省份外(wai)，廣西也發(fa)布通(tong)知(zhi)，對2018年(nian)該地區的(de)(de)企業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資指(zhi)導線(xian)征(zheng)求意見。通(tong)知(zhi)提出，以(yi)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資增(zeng)長(chang)率7%作為(wei)(wei)企業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)基(ji)準線(xian)，以(yi)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資增(zeng)長(chang)率11%作為(wei)(wei)企業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)上(shang)線(xian)，以(yi)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資增(zeng)長(chang)率2%作為(wei)(wei)企業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)下線(xian)。

進入第四(si)季度，全國31省份中(zhong)，仍有包括北京、浙江、廣東(dong)、江蘇、重慶、黑龍(long)江等在(zai)內的(de)十余省份未(wei)公(gong)布(bu)2018年企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資指導(dao)線。值得注意的(de)是，在(zai)這些(xie)還未(wei)公(gong)布(bu)數據的(de)地區，部(bu)分省份仍未(wei)公(gong)布(bu)2017年的(de)企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)資指導(dao)線，黑龍(long)江甚(shen)至(zhi)已多年缺位。

　　多地指導線上調河南最給力

　　中新經緯客(ke)戶端對比15省份(fen)2017年與2018年的數據發現，除了上(shang)(shang)海（2017年企業(ye)工資指導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)不明確），今年多(duo)地(di)企業(ye)工資指導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的基準線(xian)(xian)(xian)、上(shang)(shang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和下(xia)線(xian)(xian)(xian)有所上(shang)(shang)調。

　　企業工資指導線(xian)制度是政府對企業工資分(fen)配進行宏(hong)觀調控的一種(zhong)制度，是企業開展工資集體協商的基本(ben)依據。由基準(zhun)線(xian)、上(shang)線(xian)（又稱為(wei)預警線(xian)）和下線(xian)構成。

　　從基準(zhun)線來看，相(xiang)比2017年(nian)下調的有天津、內蒙古、山東(dong)、四(si)川、吉林(lin)、海(hai)南等6省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)。另外，山西、河南、陜西、安徽、甘肅(su)等5省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)對基準(zhun)線進行(xing)了上(shang)(shang)調，其中河南上(shang)(shang)調最多，由去年(nian)的7.5%上(shang)(shang)調了4.5個百分點，至今年(nian)的12%。

　　在上線(xian)方面，江西和(he)(he)上海(hai)均(jun)不設上限。與去年(nian)相比(bi)，天(tian)津、內(nei)蒙古(gu)、山東、四川、吉林、云南、海(hai)南等7個(ge)省(sheng)份(fen)下調，其中天(tian)津、內(nei)蒙古(gu)、吉林、云南均(jun)下調了2個(ge)百分點；山西、河南、安徽、和(he)(he)甘肅4省(sheng)份(fen)對(dui)上線(xian)進行了上調。

　　從下(xia)線來看，相比(bi)去(qu)年(nian)，進行下(xia)調(diao)的省份(fen)(fen)僅內蒙古和(he)云南(nan)2省份(fen)(fen)，天(tian)津、山西、江西、福建、山東、河南(nan)、四(si)川、陜西、吉林等9省份(fen)(fen)與去(qu)年(nian)持(chi)平，安徽、海南(nan)、甘肅等三省則將下(xia)線上(shang)調(diao)。

　　值(zhi)得(de)注意的(de)是，在已公布企(qi)業(ye)工資(zi)指導(dao)線的(de)15省份中，只有(you)內蒙(meng)古的(de)上(shang)線、基準線、下線均(jun)有(you)所下降(jiang)。

　　有人(ren)(ren)(ren)可以會疑惑(huo)，工(gong)資(zi)指導線(xian)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)是指工(gong)資(zi)會減少嗎？當然不(bu)是。有地方(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)社(she)部(bu)門相關(guan)負(fu)責人(ren)(ren)(ren)表示(shi)，工(gong)資(zi)指導線(xian)制度的重點在于引(yin)導企業(ye)建立職(zhi)工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)正常增長機制。只(zhi)要三條(tiao)指導線(xian)——基(ji)準線(xian)、下(xia)(xia)線(xian)、上線(xian)都(dou)不(bu)是負(fu)數，就意味(wei)著(zhu)政府(fu)指導的職(zhi)工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)增幅都(dou)是呈(cheng)上漲趨勢的。

　　企業必須(xu)給員(yuan)工(gong)漲工(gong)資(zi)嗎？漲的(de)一樣多嗎？

　　關(guan)于企業工(gong)資(zi)指導線，有(you)兩點(dian)需要明確。

　　一是工(gong)資(zi)(zi)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)并(bing)不(bu)能要求(qiu)企業必須(xu)給員工(gong)漲工(gong)資(zi)(zi)。據悉，工(gong)資(zi)(zi)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)是政府(fu)向企業發布的(de)(de)年(nian)度工(gong)資(zi)(zi)增長水(shui)平的(de)(de)建議，屬于指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)性(xing)信息(xi)，并(bing)不(bu)具備(bei)強(qiang)制(zhi)約束力。雖然工(gong)資(zi)(zi)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)不(bu)具備(bei)強(qiang)制(zhi)約束力，但多地要求(qiu)加強(qiang)對企業執行情況的(de)(de)監督檢(jian)查(cha)。

　　如山西(xi)提(ti)出，企業制定(ding)的年度工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)指(zhi)(zhi)導線實施(shi)方(fang)案(an)，應報縣級以上(shang)人(ren)民(min)政府人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源和社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)障(zhang)部(bu)門備案(an)。四川則規(gui)定(ding)，企業應當(dang)把工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)指(zhi)(zhi)導線作為工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)集(ji)體(ti)(ti)協商(shang)的重要(yao)依據(ju)，工(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)方(fang)應當(dang)主動發起(qi)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)集(ji)體(ti)(ti)協商(shang)要(yao)約(yue)，企業方(fang)應積極(ji)響應，雙方(fang)通過工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)集(ji)體(ti)(ti)協商(shang)，確定(ding)企業工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)增長水平和工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)分配方(fang)案(an)，訂(ding)立工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)專(zhuan)項集(ji)體(ti)(ti)合同(tong)（協議），并將專(zhuan)項集(ji)體(ti)(ti)合同(tong)（協議）報所在(zai)地人(ren)力資(zi)(zi)(zi)源社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)障(zhang)部(bu)門審查。

　　二是企(qi)業(ye)給職工(gong)漲的工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)并非一樣多。中新經(jing)緯(wei)客戶端發現(xian)，根據企(qi)業(ye)生產經(jing)營情況和(he)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)支(zhi)付(fu)能力的不同(tong)，各地對企(qi)業(ye)給出了不同(tong)的職工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)增長(chang)指導(dao)意(yi)見。

　　以(yi)山西(xi)為例。山西(xi)提出(chu)，經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)較(jiao)快、工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)能(neng)力較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)可(ke)(ke)在基(ji)準線(xian)和上線(xian)區間內安(an)排工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，其中(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)能(neng)力較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)競爭性企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)可(ke)(ke)高于經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。生產經(jing)(jing)營正(zheng)常、經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)，應(ying)圍(wei)繞(rao)基(ji)準線(xian)安(an)排工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，壟斷企(qi)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)幅度原則上不(bu)得(de)突破基(ji)準線(xian)。經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)和支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)能(neng)力一(yi)般的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)可(ke)(ke)按(an)(an)下線(xian)安(an)排工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)。企(qi)業(ye)確因生產經(jing)(jing)營困難、不(bu)能(neng)按(an)(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)指(zhi)導線(xian)范圍(wei)安(an)排職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)的(de)(de)，可(ke)(ke)低于工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)指(zhi)導線(xian)下線(xian)（含(han)零增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)或(huo)負增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)）確定工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)水平，但要(yao)依法經(jing)(jing)過必要(yao)的(de)(de)民主程序協商確定，且企(qi)業(ye)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)給在法定工(gong)(gong)(gong)作時間內提供了(le)正(zheng)常勞動的(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)不(bu)得(de)低于當地最低工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)標準。