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孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)于2018年1月(yue)(yue)從某(mou)企業內部退養(yang)。同(tong)年3月(yue)(yue)，孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)到(dao)某(mou)機械公司應聘(pin)并被錄用，雙(shuang)方簽訂有用工(gong)協議(yi)。2018年5月(yue)(yue)，孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)在工(gong)作(zuo)時受到(dao)事故傷(shang)(shang)害。因公司不(bu)為(wei)其認(ren)定(ding)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)，孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)自行(xing)提出了(le)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)認(ren)定(ding)申請，人社局作(zuo)出了(le)《工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)認(ren)定(ding)決定(ding)書(shu)》。經(jing)勞動能力鑒定(ding)委員會(hui)鑒定(ding)，孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)的工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)傷(shang)(shang)殘等級(ji)為(wei)七級(ji)。

其后，孫(sun)某向(xiang)勞(lao)動人事(shi)爭議仲(zhong)裁委(wei)員會提(ti)出仲(zhong)裁申請，請求確認他與(yu)機(ji)械(xie)公(gong)(gong)司(si)之(zhi)間存(cun)在勞(lao)動關系，并要求機(ji)械(xie)公(gong)(gong)司(si)補發(fa)工(gong)(gong)傷事(shi)故發(fa)生后被扣除(chu)的(de)工(gong)(gong)資，向(xiang)其支(zhi)付醫(yi)療(liao)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、住院伙食(shi)補助(zhu)(zhu)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、護理費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用，以及一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)傷殘補助(zhu)(zhu)金、一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)醫(yi)療(liao)補助(zhu)(zhu)金、一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)就業補助(zhu)(zhu)金等(deng)合(he)計15萬余元。在仲(zhong)裁期間，孫(sun)某書面通知機(ji)械(xie)公(gong)(gong)司(si)解除(chu)雙(shuang)方的(de)用工(gong)(gong)關系。

機(ji)械公(gong)司辯稱，孫某(mou)是某(mou)企(qi)業(ye)職工，在原(yuan)(yuan)單位享有社保，內退(tui)后與原(yuan)(yuan)企(qi)業(ye)之(zhi)間仍存在勞動關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)，而我國不(bu)承認雙(shuang)(shuang)重勞動關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)，因此(ci)，本公(gong)司聘用孫某(mou)后，雙(shuang)(shuang)方之(zhi)間應建立(li)的是雇傭關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)，而非(fei)勞動關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)。由于是雇傭關(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)，本公(gong)司沒有為孫某(mou)繳納工傷保險費的法(fa)定義(yi)務，當然(ran)就(jiu)不(bu)應承擔工傷賠償(chang)責任。

勞動人事爭議(yi)仲(zhong)裁(cai)委員會認為，機(ji)械(xie)公(gong)司的(de)抗辯成立(li)，遂裁(cai)決(jue)駁回(hui)孫某的(de)仲(zhong)裁(cai)請求。孫某對裁(cai)決(jue)不服，向法(fa)院提起訴訟。

法(fa)院(yuan)審理(li)認為，孫某與機械(xie)公司之間的用工關系應當(dang)按勞動關系處理(li)，機械(xie)公司依法(fa)應當(dang)承擔(dan)工傷待遇賠償的法(fa)律責任，遂判決支持了孫某的訴訟(song)請求。

【法律評析】

法院對本(ben)案的(de)判決是正確的(de)。

首先，孫某與(yu)機械(xie)公司之間(jian)的用工關系(xi)仍構(gou)成勞動關系(xi)。

一般來說，全日制勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者只能參加(jia)一種勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)系(xi)，但是，法(fa)律并未絕對禁止雙重(zhong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)系(xi)，如《勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)》第39條規(gui)定，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者同(tong)(tong)時(shi)與其他用人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)建立勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)系(xi)，對完成本(ben)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作任務造成嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響，或者經用人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)提出，拒不改(gai)正的(de)(de)(de)，用人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)可以解(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)。本(ben)法(fa)第91條規(gui)定，用人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)招用與其他用人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)尚(shang)未解(jie)(jie)除或者終止勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者，給其他用人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)造成損失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，應當承擔連帶賠償責任。

內(nei)退(tui)(tui)即內(nei)部(bu)退(tui)(tui)養(yang)，主(zhu)要是對一些(xie)無法(fa)安排合適崗(gang)位的老員工所采取的過渡性安置，內(nei)退(tui)(tui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員雖(sui)然每月領(ling)取內(nei)退(tui)(tui)費，但可能無法(fa)滿(man)足其生活需要，因(yin)此(ci)仍有重(zhong)新(xin)就業的需要。為此(ci)，最高人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)院(yuan)《關(guan)于審理勞(lao)動(dong)爭(zheng)議案件適用(yong)法(fa)律(lv)若干問題的解(jie)釋（三）》第8條(tiao)規定：“企(qi)業停(ting)薪留職人(ren)(ren)(ren)員、未達到法(fa)定退(tui)(tui)休年齡的內(nei)退(tui)(tui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員、下(xia)崗(gang)待崗(gang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員以及企(qi)業經營性停(ting)產放長(chang)假(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員，因(yin)與新(xin)的用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位發生用(yong)工爭(zheng)議，依法(fa)向人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)院(yuan)提(ti)起訴訟(song)的，人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)院(yuan)應當(dang)按(an)勞(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系處(chu)理。”

本案中，孫(sun)某在與(yu)原單位保(bao)留(liu)勞動關系的前(qian)提下，到機械公司(si)從(cong)事勞動、接受管理。顯(xian)然，孫(sun)某又與(yu)機械公司(si)之間建(jian)立(li)了一個勞動關系。

其次，機(ji)械公司有為(wei)孫(sun)某參加工傷保險的義務。

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)從原(yuan)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)內(nei)退后，其社會保(bao)險(xian)(xian)關(guan)系并(bing)沒有終止，而是由(you)(you)原(yuan)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)繼續繳(jiao)費(fei)，一(yi)直到勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)達(da)到退休(xiu)(xiu)年齡辦理(li)退休(xiu)(xiu)手續為(wei)止。但是，這并(bing)不意(yi)味著(zhu)新(xin)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)雇用內(nei)退人員，就無需承(cheng)擔(dan)為(wei)其辦理(li)參(can)加工傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)手續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義務(wu)。由(you)(you)于內(nei)退人員與新(xin)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)之間形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關(guan)系，雙方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利義務(wu)關(guan)系適用勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)，因此(ci)，新(xin)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)應(ying)當為(wei)所聘用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)退人員繳(jiao)納(na)工傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)費(fei)、參(can)加工傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)，或者(zhe)由(you)(you)原(yuan)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)將(jiang)工傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)轉(zhuan)到新(xin)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)，由(you)(you)新(xin)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)繼續繳(jiao)費(fei)。有關(guan)部門對此(ci)也作(zuo)出了規(gui)定(ding)：

一是人(ren)力資源(yuan)和社(she)會保障部《實施〈社(she)會保險(xian)法〉若干規(gui)定》第9條規(gui)定：“職工(gong)(gong)（包(bao)括非(fei)全日制從業人(ren)員）在兩(liang)個或者兩(liang)個以(yi)上用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)同時(shi)就業的(de)，各用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)應(ying)當分別為職工(gong)(gong)繳納工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)費。職工(gong)(gong)發生工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)，由(you)職工(gong)(gong)受到傷(shang)害時(shi)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)單(dan)位(wei)依(yi)法承擔(dan)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)責任。”

二(er)是最高人民法院《關于(yu)審(shen)理工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)險行政(zheng)案件若(ruo)干問題的規(gui)定》第(di)3條規(gui)定：“職工(gong)(gong)與兩個(ge)或兩個(ge)以上單位(wei)建立勞動關系，工(gong)(gong)傷事(shi)故發生時，職工(gong)(gong)為之工(gong)(gong)作的單位(wei)為承擔工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)險責任的單位(wei)。”

上述(shu)規定表(biao)明，雙重勞動(dong)關(guan)系中是(shi)可以(yi)存在雙重工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)關(guan)系的(de)，勞動(dong)者可以(yi)參(can)加兩份工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)，只是(shi)在發生(sheng)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)后只能享受一份工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)待遇(yu)。就本案而言，機(ji)械公司有(you)關(guan)自己沒(mei)有(you)義務為孫某(mou)繳納(na)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)費的(de)抗(kang)辯(bian)是(shi)不能成立的(de)，也無權主張(zhang)用孫某(mou)在原單(dan)位的(de)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)。

最后，機械公(gong)司應當自行承擔工傷(shang)保(bao)險責任。

《工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)例(li)》第62條(tiao)第2款規定(ding)(ding)：“依照(zhao)(zhao)本(ben)條(tiao)例(li)規定(ding)(ding)應當參(can)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)而未參(can)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人單位職工(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)的(de)，由該(gai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人單位按照(zhao)(zhao)本(ben)條(tiao)例(li)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)待遇項目和標準支付(fu)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。”孫(sun)某(mou)是在機械(xie)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作期間(jian)發(fa)生工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)事故的(de)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任的(de)主體顯然(ran)是機械(xie)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)。由于機械(xie)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)沒(mei)有為孫(sun)某(mou)上工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，因(yin)此本(ben)應由工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)基金支付(fu)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，均(jun)由機械(xie)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)自行承(cheng)擔。