內退職工再就業,受工傷后找誰賠?
齊魯人才網 . 2020-06-13發(fa)布

孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)(mou)于2018年1月(yue)從(cong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)企業內部退養。同年3月(yue),孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)(mou)到某(mou)(mou)(mou)機械公司應聘并被(bei)錄用,雙方(fang)簽訂有(you)用工(gong)(gong)協議。2018年5月(yue),孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)(mou)在工(gong)(gong)作時受(shou)到事故傷(shang)害。因公司不為其認(ren)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang),孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)(mou)自行提出(chu)了(le)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)申請,人社(she)局作出(chu)了(le)《工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)決定(ding)(ding)書》。經勞動能力鑒定(ding)(ding)委員會鑒定(ding)(ding),孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)(mou)的工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)傷(shang)殘等級為七級。

其后,孫(sun)(sun)某向勞動人事爭議仲(zhong)裁(cai)委員會提出仲(zhong)裁(cai)申(shen)請,請求確認他與(yu)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)公司(si)之間存在勞動關系,并(bing)要(yao)求機(ji)械(xie)(xie)公司(si)補(bu)發工(gong)傷(shang)事故發生后被扣除(chu)的(de)工(gong)資,向其支(zhi)付醫療費、住院(yuan)伙食補(bu)助費、護理費等費用,以及一次(ci)性(xing)傷(shang)殘補(bu)助金、一次(ci)性(xing)醫療補(bu)助金、一次(ci)性(xing)就(jiu)業補(bu)助金等合計(ji)15萬余元。在仲(zhong)裁(cai)期(qi)間,孫(sun)(sun)某書面通知機(ji)械(xie)(xie)公司(si)解除(chu)雙方(fang)的(de)用工(gong)關系。

機械(xie)公司辯(bian)稱,孫(sun)某是某企(qi)業職工(gong),在原單位(wei)享(xiang)有社保(bao),內退后(hou)與原企(qi)業之間仍存在勞(lao)動關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi),而我國不(bu)承認雙重勞(lao)動關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi),因(yin)此,本公司聘用(yong)孫(sun)某后(hou),雙方之間應建立的(de)是雇(gu)傭關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi),而非勞(lao)動關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)。由于是雇(gu)傭關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi),本公司沒有為(wei)孫(sun)某繳納工(gong)傷保(bao)險費(fei)的(de)法定(ding)義務(wu),當然(ran)就不(bu)應承擔工(gong)傷賠償責任。

勞動人事爭議仲裁委員會認(ren)為,機械公司的(de)抗辯成立(li),遂裁決駁回孫某(mou)的(de)仲裁請(qing)求。孫某(mou)對裁決不服(fu),向法(fa)院(yuan)提(ti)起(qi)訴訟。

法(fa)院審理認(ren)為,孫(sun)某與(yu)機械(xie)公司(si)(si)之間的(de)用(yong)工關系應當(dang)(dang)按(an)勞動(dong)關系處(chu)理,機械(xie)公司(si)(si)依法(fa)應當(dang)(dang)承(cheng)擔工傷待遇賠償的(de)法(fa)律責任,遂(sui)判決支持了孫(sun)某的(de)訴訟請求。

【法律評析】

法院(yuan)對本案的判(pan)決是正確的。

首先,孫某(mou)與(yu)機(ji)械(xie)公司之間的用工關系仍構成(cheng)勞動關系。

一(yi)般來說,全日制勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者只能(neng)參(can)加一(yi)種勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關系(xi),但是,法律(lv)并(bing)未(wei)絕對禁止(zhi)雙重勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關系(xi),如《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)法》第39條規定,勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者同(tong)時與其(qi)他用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)建(jian)立勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關系(xi),對完成(cheng)本單(dan)位(wei)的(de)工作任(ren)(ren)務造成(cheng)嚴重影響,或者經用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)提(ti)出,拒(ju)不改正的(de),用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)可以解(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)。本法第91條規定,用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)招(zhao)用與其(qi)他用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)尚未(wei)解(jie)(jie)除或者終止(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者,給(gei)其(qi)他用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)造成(cheng)損失的(de),應當承擔連帶賠償責任(ren)(ren)。

內退(tui)即內部退(tui)養(yang),主(zhu)要是對(dui)一些無法(fa)(fa)安排合適崗位(wei)的老員(yuan)工所采(cai)取(qu)的過渡(du)性安置(zhi),內退(tui)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)雖然(ran)每(mei)月領取(qu)內退(tui)費,但可能(neng)無法(fa)(fa)滿足(zu)其生活需要,因此仍有重新就業(ye)的需要。為此,最高人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院《關于審理勞動(dong)爭議(yi)案件(jian)適用(yong)法(fa)(fa)律若干問題的解釋(三)》第8條規(gui)定:“企(qi)業(ye)停薪(xin)留職人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、未達到法(fa)(fa)定退(tui)休年齡(ling)的內退(tui)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、下崗待崗人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)以及(ji)企(qi)業(ye)經營性停產放長假人(ren)(ren)員(yuan),因與新的用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)發生用(yong)工爭議(yi),依法(fa)(fa)向人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院提起訴訟的,人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)院應(ying)當(dang)按勞動(dong)關系處理。”

本(ben)案中,孫某在與原單位保留勞(lao)動(dong)關系的(de)前(qian)提下,到機械公(gong)司(si)從事(shi)勞(lao)動(dong)、接受(shou)管(guan)理。顯然,孫某又與機械公(gong)司(si)之間(jian)建(jian)立(li)了一個勞(lao)動(dong)關系。

其(qi)次,機械(xie)公司有為孫某(mou)參(can)加工傷保險的義務。

勞(lao)動(dong)者從原(yuan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)內退后,其社會保(bao)(bao)險(xian)關系(xi)并沒有(you)終止(zhi),而是由(you)(you)原(yuan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)繼續繳費(fei),一直到勞(lao)動(dong)者達到退休(xiu)(xiu)年齡辦(ban)理退休(xiu)(xiu)手(shou)續為止(zhi)。但是,這并不意味著新單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)雇(gu)用(yong)(yong)內退人員,就無需承(cheng)擔為其辦(ban)理參加工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)手(shou)續的(de)義(yi)務。由(you)(you)于內退人員與新單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)之間(jian)形(xing)成的(de)是勞(lao)動(dong)關系(xi),雙方的(de)權利義(yi)務關系(xi)適用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)動(dong)法(fa)律法(fa)規的(de)規定,因此(ci),新單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)應當為所聘用(yong)(yong)的(de)內退人員繳納工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)費(fei)、參加工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian),或者由(you)(you)原(yuan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)將工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)轉到新單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei),由(you)(you)新單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)繼續繳費(fei)。有(you)關部門對此(ci)也作出了規定:

一是(shi)人(ren)力資源(yuan)和社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障部《實施(shi)〈社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險法(fa)〉若(ruo)干規(gui)(gui)定》第9條規(gui)(gui)定:“職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(包(bao)括非全日制從業人(ren)員(yuan))在(zai)兩個或(huo)者兩個以(yi)上用人(ren)單位(wei)同時(shi)就(jiu)業的(de),各(ge)用人(ren)單位(wei)應當(dang)分(fen)別為職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)繳納工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險費。職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)發生工(gong)(gong)傷(shang),由職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)受到傷(shang)害時(shi)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)單位(wei)依法(fa)承(cheng)擔工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險責任。”

二是(shi)最高(gao)人民法(fa)院《關(guan)于(yu)審理工(gong)傷保險行(xing)政案件若(ruo)干問題的(de)規定(ding)》第3條規定(ding):“職工(gong)與兩(liang)個或兩(liang)個以(yi)上單(dan)位(wei)(wei)建立(li)勞動關(guan)系,工(gong)傷事故發生時,職工(gong)為(wei)之工(gong)作的(de)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)為(wei)承擔(dan)工(gong)傷保險責任(ren)的(de)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。”

上述規定表(biao)明(ming),雙重(zhong)(zhong)勞動關(guan)系中是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以存在雙重(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保險關(guan)系的,勞動者可(ke)以參加兩份工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保險,只是(shi)(shi)在發生工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)后只能享受一份工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)待遇。就本案而言,機械(xie)公司(si)有關(guan)自(zi)己沒(mei)有義務(wu)為孫(sun)某繳納工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保險費(fei)的抗辯是(shi)(shi)不能成立的,也無權(quan)主(zhu)張用孫(sun)某在原單(dan)位的工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保險。

最后,機械公司應(ying)當自行承擔工傷保險責任。

《工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條(tiao)例(li)》第62條(tiao)第2款規定(ding):“依照本條(tiao)例(li)規定(ding)應(ying)當參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)而未參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)用人單(dan)位職工(gong)(gong)發生(sheng)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)(de),由該用人單(dan)位按照本條(tiao)例(li)規定(ding)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)待(dai)遇(yu)項目(mu)和標(biao)準(zhun)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)費用。”孫某(mou)是在機械公司工(gong)(gong)作期間(jian)發生(sheng)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)事(shi)故的(de)(de),工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)責任的(de)(de)主(zhu)體顯然是機械公司。由于機械公司沒有(you)為孫某(mou)上工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian),因此本應(ying)由工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)基金支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)費用,均由機械公司自行承擔(dan)。