解除勞動合同,超7成由單位提出
齊魯人才網 . 2020-06-10發布

因“炒魷魚”而引發(fa)的勞(lao)動(dong)爭議在虹口(kou)區(qu)總體審裁勞(lao)動(dong)爭議案件中占(zhan)比(bi)36.9%,其中用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位單(dan)方解除合(he)同(tong)糾紛占(zhan)比(bi)逾七成(cheng)。虹口(kou)區(qu)人(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)與(yu)虹口(kou)區(qu)勞(lao)動(dong)人(ren)事爭議仲裁院(yuan)近日(ri)聯合(he)發(fa)布(bu)的白皮書顯示,在涉訴(su)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位中,民營企業占(zhan)比(bi)高達(da)87%,國有企業和外(wai)企涉訴(su)相對較少。同(tong)時,訴(su)訟(song)請求復合(he)化趨勢(shi)明顯。訴(su)訟(song)中用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位因在制度健(jian)全、用(yong)(yong)工規范(fan)方面(mian)逐步完善,勝訴(su)率相對較高。

據了(le)解(jie),涉(she)解(jie)除(chu)、終(zhong)止類勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)案件占總(zong)體勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)案件比重高,2018年(nian)全(quan)年(nian),虹口區(qu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)人事爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)仲裁委員會審結(jie)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)案件1741件,其中涉(she)解(jie)除(chu)、終(zhong)止類勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)707件。虹口區(qu)法(fa)院(yuan)審結(jie)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)案件575件,其中涉(she)解(jie)除(chu)、終(zhong)止類勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)議(yi)(yi)148件。

那都是以什么理(li)(li)由解(jie)(jie)除的(de)呢?統計顯(xian)示,43%是以嚴重違紀為由,而這其中又有21%是曠工,此外不勝任工作、試用(yong)期不符(fu)合錄用(yong)條件等(deng)理(li)(li)由也上(shang)榜,甚(shen)至有8%的(de)解(jie)(jie)除勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)無任何理(li)(li)由。而勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)單方解(jie)(jie)除的(de)糾紛(fen)占比為12%,具(ju)體解(jie)(jie)除理(li)(li)由包括(kuo)勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)主動(dong)辭職(占7%),用(yong)人單位未(wei)(wei)足額支付或(huo)拖(tuo)欠工資(占2%),未(wei)(wei)繳(jiao)納(na)社會保險(xian)費(占2%),未(wei)(wei)提(ti)供勞(lao)動(dong)條件等(deng)(占1%)。

此外,2018年虹(hong)口區法院審結(jie)(jie)的(de)涉解除、終止類(lei)勞動爭議(yi)糾紛(fen)中,民(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)87%,外企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)8%,國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)5%。民(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)尤其(qi)是(shi)中小微企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye),受經營規模小、用工(gong)人數少及(ji)外來從(cong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員多等因素的(de)制約(yue),部(bu)分企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)仍然存在不規范用工(gong)現象,該(gai)類(lei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為節約(yue)用工(gong)和經營成(cheng)本,往往呈(cheng)現出管理(li)粗放、混亂(luan)的(de)狀態(tai),導致勞動爭議(yi)頻發。且市場(chang)經濟(ji)形勢(shi)直接影響到民(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)經營狀況(kuang),進而影響企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)組(zu)織結(jie)(jie)構的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing),企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)型升級、關停并(bing)轉(zhuan)、整體(ti)搬遷或是(shi)裁(cai)撤分支機構過程中,易引發大量糾紛(fen),甚至引發群體(ti)性(xing)(xing)勞動爭議(yi)訴(su)訟。相(xiang)對而言(yan),國(guo)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和外企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)管理(li)較為規范,涉解除、終止類(lei)勞動爭議(yi)案件的(de)占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)較小。

那這類糾紛哪方(fang)勝(sheng)訴(su)率(lv)更高(gao)呢?虹(hong)口區(qu)仲裁委(wei)數據顯示(shi),認(ren)定用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)構成違法解除(chu)的(de)比例為(wei)(wei)44%;虹(hong)口法院認(ren)定用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)構成違法解除(chu)的(de)占比僅為(wei)(wei)29%,用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)勝(sheng)訴(su)率(lv)較高(gao)。白皮書指出,一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)制度(du)健全、用(yong)工規范方(fang)面(mian)逐步完善,另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian),在(zai)(zai)勞(lao)資關系(xi)中處于弱勢地位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)勞(lao)動者,在(zai)(zai)收(shou)集證據、理性主張訴(su)請方(fang)面(mian)有所欠缺。

白皮書(shu)指(zhi)出(chu),在(zai)涉解除、終止類的勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)案(an)件(jian)中(zhong),涉誠(cheng)(cheng)信問(wen)題(ti)的案(an)件(jian)占據了一定的比例。這其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)絕(jue)大部分是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)違(wei)反誠(cheng)(cheng)實信用(yong)(yong)原則(ze),比如(ru)學(xue)歷(li)造假、提交(jiao)虛假病假單、違(wei)反競業(ye)(ye)限制的規定、對外披露公司保密(mi)信息(xi)等。因(yin)此,法(fa)院建議(yi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)行政部門、工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)組(zu)織與行業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會(hui)等單位(wei)(wei),在(zai)仲裁與法(fa)院訴訟案(an)件(jian)等大數據的基礎上,聯手打造勞(lao)(lao)資雙方的信用(yong)(yong)評(ping)價體系,建立誠(cheng)(cheng)信用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和誠(cheng)(cheng)信就業(ye)(ye)檔案(an),將用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)和勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)的勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)記錄納入其(qi)(qi)中(zhong),并向社會(hui)公示,作為(wei)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)擇業(ye)(ye)和用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)招聘時的重(zhong)要(yao)參考,以(yi)此督(du)促(cu)企業(ye)(ye)依(yi)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)勤勉就業(ye)(ye)。